Contraindications

Question 1

Heart failure

Answer 1

thiazolidinediones*: pioglitazone is contraindicated as it causes fluid retention

verapamil: negative inotropic effect

NSAIDs**/glucocorticoids: should be used with caution as they cause fluid retention (apart from aspirin low dose)

class I antiarrhythmics; flecainide (negative inotropic and proarrhythmic effect)

Question 2

Pregnancy

Answer 2

Antibiotics
tetracyclines
aminoglycosides
sulphonamides and trimethoprim
quinolones: the BNF advises to avoid due to arthropathy in some animal studies

Other drugs
ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists
statins
warfarin
sulfonylureas
retinoids (including topical)
cytotoxic agents