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Zach Add
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Decks in this class (71)
Biological Molecules: Key Terms
The key molecules that are requir...,
Monomers are,
Polymers are
8
cards
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are one of the main...,
As h and o atoms are always prese...,
The three types of carbohydrates are
4
cards
monosaccharides (Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide,
Examples,
Function of
4
cards
Disaccharide
Disaccharide,
Glyosidic bond,
Example
8
cards
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides,
Examples of polysaccharides,
What is cellulose made of
7
cards
Exam tip
Lipid molecules are not made from...
1
cards
Biological Molecules: Reactions
A covalent bond is the sharing of...,
Generally each atom will form a c...,
When two monomers are close enoug...
4
cards
Condensation
Condensationalso known as dehydra...,
2
cards
Hydrolysis
What is hydrolysis,
2
cards
Covalent Bonds in Organic Molecules Table
Make sure to learn covalent bonds...,
2
cards
Monosaccharide common exaples
Sugars can be classified as reduc...,
Reducing sugars can,
How can reducing sugars be detected
8
cards
glucose
The most well known carbohydrate ...,
Glucose is the most common,
There are different types of mono...
9
cards
Forming the Glycosidic Bond
To make monosaccharides more suit...,
Disaccharides and polysaccharides...,
Every glycosidic bond results in
4
cards
Types of Glycosidic Bond
Maltose,
Sucrose,
Cellulose
6
cards
Breaking the Glycosidic Bond
The glycosidic bond is broken when,
Disaccharides and polysaccharides...,
Hydrolytic reactions are catalyse...
5
cards
Disaccharides: Common Examples
Monosaccharides can join together...,
A condensation reaction is one in...,
Two molecules join together via t...
5
cards
Starch & Glycogen: Structures & Functions
Polysaccharides are,
Starch and glycogen are,
Polysaccharides chains can be
13
cards
Amylose , amylopectin glycogen summaries
Amylose characteristics,
Amylopectin,
Glycogen
4
cards
Cellulose
Cellulose is a,
Polysaccharide are,
These chains may be
8
cards
Biochemical Tests: Sugars & Starch
Are these qualitative and quantit...,
Qualitative meaning,
Quantative meaning
5
cards
The Benedict’s test for reducing sugars
Benedict s test is for,
B,
Copper oxide is not soluble so it...
11
cards
To test for non-reducing sugars:
Add to the sample and heat in a,
2 neutralise the solution with,
Use a suitable indicator such as ...
6
cards
The iodine test for starch
To test for the presence of starc...,
The iodine is in potassium iodide...,
If starch is present iodide ions ...
5
cards
Finding the Concentration of Glucose
Benedict s solution can be used t...,
Semi quantitative,
It is important that an excess of...
11
cards
Serial dilutions
Serial dilutions are created by t...,
Serial dilutions are completed to...,
They can be used when
5
cards
Colourimeter
A colourimeter is an instrument t...,
They provide a measurement,
They contain different wavelength...
8
cards
Many Proteins are Enzymes
Enzymes are,
Enzymes are also proteins,
Globular proteins characteristics
10
cards
Mode of Enzyme Action
Enzymes have an active site where...,
The active site of an enzyme has ...,
Can change the shape of the activ...
15
cards
How enzymes work
In the 1890 s the first model of ...,
The induced fit hypothesisthe mod...,
3
cards
Required practical 1 enzyme controlled reaction
Step 2,
Step 1 using a marker,
Step 3 add 2cm cubed of to 2 cm c...
15
cards
RNA structure and function
What does rna stand for,
What is rna a type of,
Rna is found in all living cells ...
6
cards
Dna structure function
What does dna stand for,
Dna is a type of,
Dna is a found in living cells an...
16
cards
Nucleotide Structure & the Phosphodiester Bond
Both dna and rna are polymers tha...,
Each nucleotide is formed from,
The components of a dna nucleotid...
12
cards
Maths Skill: Drawing a Graph for Enzyme Rate Experiments
Enzyme rate experiments are exper...,
Factors that can be changed include,
The ways in which the reaction ra...
5
cards
Maths skills using a tangent
A tangent is a,
The slope of this tangent matches...,
The initial rate of reaction is t...
4
cards
Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Temperature
Enzymes have a specific optimum t...,
Lower temperatures either lower t...,
Higher temperatures speed up reac...
7
cards
Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: pH
All enzymes have an optimum ph or...,
Where an enzyme functions can be ...,
When investigating the effect of ...
5
cards
Maths Skill: Calculating pH
If the hydrogen ion h concentrati...,
Example the hydrogen ion concentr...,
The hydrogen ion concentration of...
4
cards
Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Enzyme Concentration
The higher the enzyme concentrati...,
If the amount of substrate is lim...,
3
cards
Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Substrate Concentration
The greater the substrate concent...,
As the number of substrate molecu...,
If substrate concentration is con...
4
cards
Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Competitive Inhibitors
An enzyme s activity can be reduc...,
Reversible inhibitors can act as,
Why do metabolic reactions have t...
5
cards
Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: non-competitiveInhibitors
Non competitive inhibitors,
Metabolic reactions can be contro...,
Metabolic reactions can be contro...
7
cards
Students should be able to: Appreciate the Models & Functions of Enzyme Action
The lock and key model covered at...,
New techniques have allowed scien...,
These findings led to the now wid...
5
cards
Practical Skill: Control of Variables & Uncertainty
Factors that can be changed inclu...,
Uncertainty is the,
There will always be a small degr...
8
cards
The Structure of DNA
The nucleic acid dna is a,
Dna molecules are made up of poly...,
Each dna polynucleotide strand is...
13
cards
The Structure of RNA
Like dna the nucleic acid rna rib...,
Like dna rna nucleotides contain ...,
Unlike dna rna nucleotides contai...
10
cards
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are,
Ribosomes are the site of protein...,
Ribosomes are themselves formed from
9
cards
The Origins of Research on the Genetic Code
Dna was actually first observed i...,
However many scientific researche...,
For example some scientists hypot...
7
cards
The Purpose of Semi-Conservative Replication
Before a parent cell divides it n...,
The dna is copied via a process k...,
The process is called so because ...
7
cards
The Process of Semi-Conservative Replication
Dna replication occurs in prepara...,
The enzyme helicase,
Each of these single polynucleoti...
7
cards
Semi conservative replication DNA polymerase
In the nucleus there are free nuc...,
The extra phosphates activate the...,
The bases of the free nucleoside ...
8
cards
Semi conservative replicationLeading & lagging strands
Dna polymerase can only build the...,
As dna is unzipped from the 3 tow...,
This means the dna polymerase enz...
10
cards
Calculating the Frequency of Nucleotide Bases
All dna nucleotides contain the s...,
The bases on each strand pair up ...,
The bases in each of these pairs ...
5
cards
watson and cricks model
Watson and crick were two scienti...,
Watson and crick also came up wit...,
However this was just a theory an...
5
cards
Meselson and Stahl’s Experiment
Step 1 bacteria are grown in a br...,
Step 2 a sample of dna from the 1...,
Step 3 the bacteria containing on...
8
cards
The Structure of ATP
All organisms require a constant ...,
In animals energy is required,
In all known forms of life atp fr...
8
cards
Hydrolysis of ATP
Energy released during the reacti...,
Atp is a small and soluble molecu...,
Atp is described as a universal e...
11
cards
Features of ATP
Releases a small but sufficient a...,
Exists as a stable molecule,
Can be recycled
7
cards
ATP Synthesis
On average humans use more than 5...,
This means the cells must make at...,
Atp is formed whencatalysed by en...
7
cards
Water in Cells
Water is composed of,
Although water as a whole is elec...,
His separation of charge due to t...
8
cards
Why water is a good solvent
As water is a polar molecule many...,
This allows chemical reactions to...,
Water is a metabolite and can tra...
5
cards
Water having a high specific heat capacity
The specific heat capacity of a s...,
Water s specific heat capacity is...,
Specific heat capacity is a measu...
7
cards
Latent heat of vaporisation in water
In order to change state from liq...,
This is an advantage for living o...,
This provides a cooling effect fo...
4
cards
Water cohesion and adhesion water
Hydrogen bonds between water mole...,
This allows columns of water to m...,
This also enables surface tension...
5
cards
Inorganic Ions
An ion is an atom or sometimes a ...,
An ion that has a ve charge is kn...,
An ion that has a ve charge is kn...
5
cards
Hydrogen ions (H+)
What is ph,
Hydrogen ions are what subatomic ...,
There is an inverse relationship ...
7
cards
Iron ions
This can cause denaturation of en...,
Iron ions are essential as they c...,
Haemoglobin is the large protein ...
8
cards
sodium ions
Na is required for the transport ...,
Glucose and amino acid molecules ...,
First na is actively transported ...
7
cards
Phosphate Ions
Po43 attaches to other molecules ...,
In dna and rna the phosphate grou...,
In atp the bonds between phosphat...
5
cards
Calcium Ions
Ca2 is essential in the movement ...,
Ca2 also stimulates muscle contra...,
Ca2 can also help to regulate pro...
6
cards
Extra info that i forgot to put in flashcards Carbs
Metabolism,
Monosaccharide features,
Benedict s reagent how much food ...
14
cards
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