BDS2; FHHD

1. Outline features of chronic inflammation 2. Differences between acute and chronic inflammation 3. Examples of chronic inflammation, foreign bodies, infection, autoimmune and hypersensitivity 4. Cell types involved 5. What is granulomatous inflammation 6. Outcome and complications 7. Relationship to healing

1. What is regeneration and repair 2. General features of wound healing: haemostasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis (granulation tissue to scar) 3. Healing of skin and bone 4. Healing disorders

1. Explain how all cancers are genetic but only some are inherited 2. Distinguish between viral oncogenes, human photo-oncogenes and cellular oncogenes 3. Give examples of the mechanisms responsible for the conversion of human protocols-oncogenes into oncogenes 4. Describe the function of tumour suppressor genes in retinoblastoma as an example and explain what is meant by the 2-hit hypothesis of tumorgenesis 5. Understand the difference between gatekeeper and caretaker tumour suppressor genes

1. Define: tumour, neoplasm, benign, malignant, histogenesis, differentiation, metastasis 2. Give classification of benign and malignant neoplasms according to their cells of origin 3. Compare and contrast the pathological features of benign and malignant neoplasms 4. Describe the effects of neoplasms on the host

1. Give a simple account of the composition of normal gut flora 2. List the main types of GIT infections, including food poisoning, diarrhoea, enteric fever and cholera 3. Summarise the modes of transmission of such infections and the principle methods avaliable for their control 4. Outline the main features and pathogenic mechanisms of common GIT bacteria including Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas

1. List morphological and cultural properties of mycobacteria and the distinguishing features of M. tuberculosis 2. Describe aetiology and pathogenesis of TB 3. Summarise methods for TB diagnosis 4. Outline principles of TB treatment 5. Outline modes of spread and control of TB 6. Describe the main types of URT and LRT infections 7. Outline features and pathogenic potential of common respiratory pathogens: H. influenzae, C. diptheriae

1. List common bacterial causes of IE 2. List host factors predisposing IE 3. Know the pathological features of IE 4. Describe antibiotic therapy for common causes of IE 5. Understand why cross-speciality liaison is important in treatment 6. Issues around preventative measures against IE

1. Give examples of the main bacterial, fungal and viral agents frequently detected in the mouth 2. Understand the classification of oral infections in terms of endogenous and exogenous infections of hard and soft tissues with examples 3. Describe how predisposing factors that disturb the oral flora can result in oral infections 4. Give examples of antimicrobial agents used to treat oral infectious agents

1. Define anaemia and distinguish micro/normo/macro 2. Understand effects of iron, B12 and folate deficiency 3. Predisposing factors to anaemia 4. Describe lab features of haemolytic anaemia 5. Outline pathology of congenital and acquired haemolytic anaemia

1. Review features of lymphoid malignancies an myeloma-proliferative disorders 2. Describe and outline clinical features of the following - AML - ALL - CML - CLL - HL - NHL - Myelo-proliferative disorders

1. What are the cellular components of the immune system 2. How do these component interact and communicate

1. Importance of the oral cavity in health and disease 2. Describe physical, chemical and biological effects of salivary and crevicular fluids 3. Recognise non-specific and specific defence mechanisms in the oral cavity 4. Appreciate the role of immune responses in oral defence mechanism

1. Importance of oral cavity in health and disease 2. Significance of oral cavity as portal of entry to pathogens 3. Immune mechanisms operating in the mouth in association with: - caries and periodontitis - oral cancer - Bechet's disease - Sjogrens syndrome - oral lichen planus - pemphigus vulgaris

1. List the viruses associated with hepatitis 2. Describe the main properties of Hepadnaviruses (including Hep B) and Picornaviruses (Hep A) 3. Summarise the diagnostic features of hepatitis A and B infections 4. Outline modes of transmission of different types of hepatitis viruses 5. Explain the principles of prevention of hepatitis 6. Summarise the significance of hepatitis B in dentistry 7. Recognise the significance of other hepatitis viruses