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Decks in this class (40)
LO 1.0 - Discuss the Structure and Function of Typical Plant External and Internal Anatomy
What is the biosphere 1,
What are some ecosystems 2,
What are biological communities 3
27
cards
Final Exam Revision
What chemical elements make up mo...,
Define photosynthesis 2,
What powers the photosynthetic re...
34
cards
LO 1.1 - Cells, Tissues, Ground
Cells:
- Structure and function
- Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, chloroplasts
Tissues:
- Vascular
- Meristematic
Ground:
- Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
53
cards
LO 1.2 - Roots
- Function: primary and secondary
- True and adventitious
- Tap and fibrous
- Anatomy: Rootcap, epidermis, cortex and stele
- Modifications: aerial, stilt and tuberous
30
cards
LO 1.3 - Stems
Function: primary and secondary
Nodes, internodes, buds
Anatomy: Cuticle, epidermis, cortex, vascular bundles, pith
Modifications: thorns, rhizomes, stolons, corms and tubers
33
cards
LO 1.4 - Leaves
Function: primary and secondary
Structure: Simple and compound
Grass leaf structure: Blade, sheath, ligule and auricles
Anatomy: Cuticle and epidermis, palisade layer, mesophyll, stomata and guard cells
Modifications: Scale leaves, cotyledons, spines, bulbs, tendrils and floral leaves
0
cards
LO 1.5 - Flowers
Function: sexual reproduction
Structure: Sepals, petals, stamens, carpel and nectary
Bisexual and unisexual flowers
Male and female plants
Agents of pollination and effect on flower structure
0
cards
LO 1.6 - Comparing monocotyledons with dicotyledons
- Seedling cotyledon number
- Flower parts
- Stem tissue arrangement
- Leaf veination
- Root system
0
cards
LO 2.0 - Illustrate Secondary Thickening
0
cards
LO 2.1 - Meristems: primary and secondary
Zones:
- Meristematic, cell elongation and cell differentiation
- Vascular and interfascicular cambium
- Primary and secondary xylem and phloem
- Cork cambium
- Cork, bark and wood including annual rings.
0
cards
LO 3.0 - Outline Plant Processes and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors
0
cards
LO 3.1 - Photosynthesis
- Definition, function and plant parts involved
- Process and chemical formula
- Environmental factors affecting photosynthesis; light intensity, CO2 concentration, H2O availability,
temperature and leaf loss and how grower may modify
0
cards
LO 3.2 - Respiration
- Definition, function and plant parts involved
- Aerobic and anaerobic
- Process and chemical formula
- Environmental factors affecting respiration; time of day, stage of growth, temperature, oxygen
level and how grower may modify
0
cards
LO 3.3 - Transpiration
- Definition, function and plant parts involved
- Environmental factors affecting transpiration; light intensity, relative humidity, air movements,
temperature and soil water availability
- Internal factors affecting transpiration; stomatal behaviour, stomatal number, size and distribution,
presence of cuticle and presence of hairs
9
cards
LO 3.4 - Mineral and water uptake
- Function and plant parts involved
- Input: osmosis and active transport: energy requirements
- Movement across from root hairs to xylem
- Mechanisms of upward movement within xylem; capillarity, root-pressure ‘push’ and tension
cohesion ‘pull’
0
cards
LO 4.0 - Outline the Life Cycle and Development of Plants
0
cards
LO 4.1 - Seed structure and function
- seed coat, cotyledons, embryo (plumule, radicle) and endosperm
- Seedling variability
- Dormancy: definition and benefits for plant
- Types of seed dormancy and pre-conditioning to overcoming dormancy by grower
0
cards
LO 4.2 - Vegetative plant growth and vegetative propagation
- Cell division by mitosis
- Use: cloning
- Methods: tissue culture, cuttings, grafting, budding, layering and division
0
cards
LO 4.3 - Flowering plant and sexual reproduction
- Use: sexual reproduction results in seedling variation
- Cell division by meiosis
- Pollination: definition, methods(self and cross) and agents (wind, insect, water)
- Fertilisation: definition and result
- Fruit formation and seed
0
cards
LO 4.4 - Fruiting plant and fruit classification
- Function of fruit
- Classification of fruit – dry or fleshy: simple, aggregate and multiple
- Dehiscence or indehiscence
- Seed dispersal – wind, water, animals, explosive dehiscence
0
cards
LO 5.0 - Describe the Functions and Role of Plant Hormones
0
cards
LO 5.1 - Auxin
- Promote growth, apical dominance and bending towards light
- Synthetic rooting ‘hormone’ substances
0
cards
LO 5.2 - Cytokinins
- Plant growth, cell division
- Regulate height of plants
0
cards
LO 5.3 - Gibberellins
- Stimulate flowering, seedless fruits
- Break dormancy
0
cards
LO 5.4 - Abscisic acid
– leaf and fruit fall
0
cards
LO 5.5 - Ethylene
- role in fruit ripening and as a thinning agent in orchards
0
cards
LO 5.6 - Role of synthetic hormones in plant production
- Rooting compounds (Indole acetic acid, Indolylbutyric acid),
- Lawn weedkillers, growth regulators and retardants,
- Anti-transpirants, for breaking dormancy and fruit ripening
0
cards
LO 6.0 - Apply Mendel’s Laws and Outline the Processes of Conventional Breeding
0
cards
LO 6.1 - Apply Mendel’s Laws of inheritance to mono hybrid crosses
- Explain the role of genes in affecting traits
- Explain dominant and recessive genes and alleles
- Genotype and phenotype
- Homozygous and heterozygous
- F1 and F2 generations
- Mendel’s first law: law of segregation
- Apply Mendel’s model for monohybrid inheritance for pea plant height to F2 generation
0
cards
LO 7.0 - Outline the Processes of Production of First Filial Generation of Hybrid Seed
0
cards
LO 7.1 - Identification and isolation of trait including
- Selfing and selection for 8-12 generations
- Inbred lines produced
- Cross pollination if inbred lines
- Heterosis or hybrid vigour
- Seed expensive and must be remade each year
- Benefits of F1 seeds
0
cards
LO 8.0 - Outline the Main Characteristics of Micro-organisms
0
cards
LO 8.1 - Fungi
Structure
- Hyphae and mycelium
- Parasites and saprophytes and examples
- Life cycle of fungus; bread mould and potato blight
Economic importance
- Harmful: ringworm, food poisoning, food spoilage, crop diseases
- Beneficial: composting, brewing, dairy products, antibiotics, mushroom industry, mycorrhizal
associations
0
cards
LO 8.2 - Bacteria
- Classification: rod, spherical and spiral
- Multiply asexually by binary fission
- Nutrition: lack chlorophyll, saprophyte or parasite
- harmful and beneficial effects
0
cards
LO 8.3 - Viruses
- Structure: acellular obligate parasites
- Sub microscopic size in relation to fungi or bacteria
- Transfer by vector; inactive outside the host body, can mutate quickly
- Examples: plant; black ring spot of cabbage, tomato mosaic, tulip flower streak
- human viruses e.g. mumps, chickenpox measles, polio, common cold
0
cards
LO 9.0 - Investigate the system of plant classification
0
cards
LO 9.1 - Principles
- Taxonomy
- Carl Linnaeus
- International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
- Universally accepted system
0
cards
LO 9.2 - Divisions in the plant kingdom
- According to place in evolutionary history
- Single celled aquatic to multicellular terrestrial
- Division, class, order, family, genus, species, variety or cultivar
- Basic unit: species
- Spermatophyta: seed bearing plants
- Gymnosperms and angiosperms including monocots and dicots
0
cards
LO 9.3 - Binomial system of nomenclature
- Rationale for using scientific name instead of common name
- Why use Latin
- Genus and species; varieties and cultivars
- Writing, formatting and spelling conventions
- Why names keep changing
0
cards
LO 9.4 - Naming of hybrids
- Designation of hybrid using X
- Interspecific and intergeneric hybrids
- Chimaera; use + sign
0
cards
More about
L5 - 2 - Plant Science
- Class purpose General learning
The purpose of this award is to equip the learner with the relevant knowledge, skill and competence to understand plant structure, processes, growth and development in a horticultural context. 1. Discuss plant anatomy 2. Illustrate secondary thickening 3. Describe plant processes and their relationship with environmental factors 4. Outline the life cycle and development of plants 5. Describe the functions of plant hormones 6. Apply Mendel’s Laws of inheritance 7. Outline processes of conventional plant breeding 8. Outline characteristics of micro-organisms 9. Investigate the system of plant classification.
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