Physiology

This class was created by Brainscape user JT Ignaco.

By:
JT Ignaco
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Decks in this class (175)

4.1a Metabolism
What is the definition of a calor...,
What is a kilocalorie kcal 2,
Why is heat produced during metab...
17  cards
4.2a Body Temperature Measurement
What is the average human body te...,
Does body temperature stay consta...,
What do we usually mean when we t...
14  cards
4.3a Heat Sources
Why is normal body temperature ar...,
How much of atp energy is convert...,
What is thermogenesis 3
9  cards
4.4a Fever
What is a fever 1,
What part of the brain regulates ...,
How is a fever like a thermostat 3
16  cards
4.5b Intro to Cardiovascular System
What are the two main components ...,
Why is the cardiovascular system ...,
Why is understanding cardiovascul...
6  cards
4.6b Cardiac Anatomy
What is one of the first learning...,
From where does blood enter the r...,
What valve does blood pass throug...
20  cards
4.7b Blood Flow Distribution
Where does blood flow from the le...,
Why does blood flow rapidly from ...,
What happens at the end of diasto...
22  cards
4.8b Cardiac Cycle
What does the cardiac cycle invol...,
What diagram illustrates the card...,
What are the two main phases of t...
29  cards
4.9b Cardiac Output
What is cardiac output 1,
What is end diastolic volume edv 2,
What is end systolic volume esv 3
15  cards
4.10b Blood Pressure Basics
What is one of the most important...,
What two main components determin...,
What is cardiac output dependent ...
15  cards
4.11c Cardiac Conduction Basics
What is the function of the cardi...,
Where is the sinoatrial sa node l...,
What is special about the sa node 3
16  cards
4.12c ECG Basics
What does ecg stand for 1,
What is the starting point of the...,
What does the sa node cause 3
12  cards
4.13 Cardiac Conduction Timing
What is meant by automaticity in ...,
Which part of the heart has the f...,
What role does the sa node play i...
10  cards
4.14c Intrinsic Heart Rate
What does automaticity mean in ca...,
Which parts of the nervous system...,
What pathway does the sa node use...
9  cards
4.15c Autonomic NS Control
What does it mean if heart rate i...,
What does it mean if heart rate i...,
In the driving analogy what repre...
12  cards
4.16c Heart Rate Terminology
What is tachycardia 1,
What is bradycardia 2,
What is considered a normal healt...
12  cards
4.17d SNS and Calcium
What is contractility in cardiac ...,
Which nervous system primarily mo...,
Does the parasympathetic nervous ...
19  cards
4.18d Preload
What two main factors influence c...,
What is preload 2,
What is afterload 3
11  cards
4.19 Afterload
What is afterload 1,
What destination does the left ve...,
What destination does the right v...
15  cards
4.20 Putting it all Together
What two main factors determine s...,
What is cardiac output equal to 2,
What is stroke volume equal to 3
18  cards
5.1a Fluid Compartments
What are the main components of t...,
What type of cells make up capill...,
Why are capillary endothelial cel...
30  cards
5.2a Edama Revisited
What cells form the lining of a c...,
What is the space between endothe...,
What is the main function of the ...
25  cards
5.3a Movt Between Fluid Compartments
What does total body water repres...,
What are the three major fluid co...,
Which fluid compartment contains ...
30  cards
5.4a Starling's Forces
What do starling s forces describe 1,
Why are starling s forces importa...,
What determines whether fluid mov...
26  cards
5.5b Capillary Filtration and Reabsorption
What determines the balance betwe...,
What happens at the arterial end ...,
What happens at the venous end of...
30  cards
5.7b Capillary and Lymphatic Obstructions
What happens to capillary exchang...,
What does a venous clot cause in ...,
Why does a venous obstruction lea...
15  cards
5.8b Pitting Edema
What causes edema in general 1,
What is the interstitial space fi...,
What keeps water molecules trappe...
12  cards
5.9c Blood Vessel Properties
What does pressure represent in a...,
What happens to pressure when mor...,
What is the formula for pressure ...
21  cards
5.10c Aortic Distensibility
What structural features make art...,
Is the aorta distensible 2,
What happens to the aorta during ...
15  cards
5.11c Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation
What is vasoconstriction 1,
What is vasodilation 2,
What type of muscle controls vaso...
22  cards
5.12c Mediators of Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation
What is the main effect of vasoco...,
Which nervous system primarily ca...,
Which neurotransmitters are assoc...
31  cards
5.13c Vascular Resistance
What concept is directly influenc...,
What happens to the lumen of a bl...,
What type of muscle surrounds art...
16  cards
5.14c Total Peripheral Resistance
What does tpr stand for in cardio...,
What does total mean in the conte...,
What does peripheral refer to in ...
32  cards
1.2a Cell Inquiry Overview
What are the three main cellular ...,
What is homeostasis in a cell 2,
What happens when a cell experien...
20  cards
1.3a Mechanisms and Responses
What is an injurious stimulus 1,
Do cellular injury mechanisms occ...,
What function does the plasma mem...
28  cards
1.4a Reactive Oxygen Species
What are reactive oxygen species ...,
Why are reactive oxygen species r...,
What happens when an oxygen free ...
19  cards
1.5a Antioxidants During Exercise
What happens to mitochondrial act...,
What happens to reactive oxygen s...,
How do reactive oxygen species af...
19  cards
1.6b The Basics of Connective Tissue
What is the main structural prote...,
What is the shape of a single col...,
What forms when collagen triple h...
30  cards
1.7b Bone Terminology
What is the cortex of a bone 1,
What is the medullary cavity 2,
What does cortex generally refer ...
22  cards
1.8b Bone Cells
What are the four main types of b...,
Where are osteoblasts typically l...,
What is the main function of oste...
20  cards
1.9b Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
What is the primary function of o...,
What is the primary function of o...,
At first glance how might osteobl...
10  cards
1.10 Bone Organization
What is the cortical bone also kn...,
What are the small circular struc...,
What is an osteon 3
24  cards
1.11c Bone as a Tissue Healing Paradigm
What are the main stages of bone ...,
What is the first stage of bone h...,
What occurs during the inflammati...
15  cards
1.12c Fracture Healing
What are the main stages of fract...,
Are the stages of fracture healin...,
When does the inflammation stage ...
28  cards
1.13c Bone Remodeling
What is the remodeling phase of b...,
When does bone remodeling occur 2,
What type of bone initially forms...
18  cards
1.14c Fracture Imaging
What is the purpose of imaging in...,
What is typically visible on day ...,
By day 4 what early change may ap...
25  cards
1.15c Wolff's Law
What is wolff s law 1,
How does wolff s law apply to bone 2,
How does wolff s law apply to mus...
21  cards
1.16c Healing Timelines
What is a common source of frustr...,
Do healing phases occur in strict...,
Why are phases like 3 7 days or 1...
15  cards
2.1a Relate Muscle to Bone Healing
What is a key idea to remember ab...,
What makes it easier to learn abo...,
What are the main differences bet...
6  cards
2.2a Muscle Tear
What is another term for a muscle...,
When does a muscle strain occur 2,
What types of movements commonly ...
14  cards
2.3a Muscle Repair
What happens immediately after a ...,
What is the role of neutrophils i...,
What are the first cells to arriv...
32  cards
2.4a To Mobilize or Not
Why is the decision to mobilize o...,
What risk does excessive early mo...,
Why is early tissue considered fr...
9  cards
2.5a Scar Tissue
What is a scar primarily made of 1,
What cells are responsible for fo...,
How is scar tissue different from...
10  cards
2.6b Immune System Intro
Why can the immune system be diff...,
Why is understanding the immune s...,
What does understanding the immun...
8  cards
2.7b Terminology
What is an antigen 1,
What types of molecules can act a...,
Does an antigen have to come from...
8  cards
2.8b Cells and Organization
What are white blood cells also c...,
What does leuko mean 2,
What does cyte mean 3
32  cards
2.9b Antigen Presentation
What is an antigen presenting cel...,
What is a common example of an an...,
What analogy is used to describe ...
12  cards
2.10b Adaptive Immunity
What are the two main types of ce...,
Where do b cells and t cells orig...,
Where do t cells mature 3
36  cards
2.11b Antibodies Basic Science
What cells produce antibodies 1,
Which branch of immunity are anti...,
What do antibodies bind to 3
30  cards
2.12 Antibodies Passive Immunity
What is passive immunity 1,
How does passive immunity differ ...,
What is an example of natural pas...
20  cards
2.13 Antibodies Clinical Application
What are the two key antibodies u...,
Which antibody appears first duri...,
Which antibody indicates longer t...
35  cards
2.14 Immunodeficiency
What is immunodeficiency 1,
What are the two main types of im...,
What is primary immunodeficiency 3
20  cards
2.15 Hypersensitivity Intro
What is hypersensitivity 1,
How can hypersensitivity be descr...,
What happens when a non allergic ...
13  cards
2.16 Type 1 Hypersensitivity
What is another name for type i h...,
What medical term also refers to ...,
How is the adjective form of atop...
26  cards
2.17 Type 3-4
What is the main feature of type ...,
What happens when antibody antige...,
What immune components are involv...
20  cards
2.18 Type 2
What is the defining feature of t...,
What type of molecule mediates ty...,
What are type ii hypersensitivity...
20  cards
2.19 Anaphylaxis
What type of hypersensitivity rea...,
How severe is anaphylaxis compare...,
What causes anaphylaxis 3
20  cards
2.20 Antihistamines
What type of hypersensitivity rea...,
What is a common symptom of a typ...,
What causes the swelling seen in ...
10  cards
3.4 Endothelial Response
What type of cells line the insid...,
What is the main function of endo...,
Which molecule type helps keep wa...
20  cards
3.5 Edema
What is the medical term for swel...,
What is the definition of edema 2,
What are the main components of p...
15  cards
3.6 Leukocyte Interaction
What major type of cell plays a k...,
What happens to blood flow in an ...,
What are the main substances that...
20  cards
3.7 Leukocyte Migration
What is the main concept of leuko...,
Can leukocytes exist outside of b...,
What are examples of leukocytes t...
10  cards
3.8 Leukocyte Signaling
What are leukocytes also known as 1,
What happens when cytokines or ch...,
What is the purpose of increased ...
17  cards
3.9 Consequences of Inflammation
What typically initiates the infl...,
What is the immediate cellular re...,
What vascular change allows leuko...
19  cards
3.10 Intro to Chronic Inflammation
What are the three main causes of...,
What is the normal purpose of inf...,
When does inflammation become chr...
19  cards
3.12 Inflammatory Mediators
What determines whether the body ...,
What are two main ways to reduce ...,
What is the starting material for...
22  cards
3.13 NSAIDS
How do inflammation and reactive ...,
What is the general effect of int...,
What are nsaids 3
11  cards
3.16 ATP Production Summary
What does anaerobic mean 1,
What does aerobic mean 2,
What is the first anaerobic pathw...
24  cards
3.17 Energy Sources
What is the primary function of s...,
Approximately how long can free g...,
How much free glucose does the bo...
27  cards
3.18 Type 2 Diabetes
What does the term diabetes liter...,
Why is urine sweet in diabetes 2,
What causes glucose to appear in ...
33  cards
6.4 Cardiovascular Center
What is the primary brain region ...,
What is another name for the card...,
Which cranial nerve carries input...
26  cards
6.5 Andregenic Receptors
What neurotransmitters bind to ad...,
What are the main types of adrene...,
What are the two primary subtypes...
27  cards
6.6 Baroreceptor Reflex 1
What is the main goal of the card...,
Why is maintaining adequate blood...,
What happens to blood when a pers...
20  cards
6.7 Baroreceptor Reflex 2
What do baroreceptors detect 1,
How do baroreceptors respond when...,
How do baroreceptors respond when...
26  cards
6.8 Right vs Left Side
Which side of the heart is respon...,
Which side of the heart is respon...,
Why does the left ventricle need ...
16  cards
6.9 Blood Pressure Gradients
What is the fundamental principle...,
Where does blood pressure reach i...,
What causes the aortic valve to o...
12  cards
6.10 Venous Return
What is venous return 1,
What two pressures primarily infl...,
How does increasing venous pressu...
22  cards
6.11 Right Atral Pressure
What happens to venous return whe...,
Why is elevated right atrial pres...,
What might cause right atrial pre...
12  cards
6.12 Factors Influencing Venous Return
What determines the direction of ...,
What happens to venous return if ...,
Normal pressure in the vena cava ...
20  cards
6.13 Blood Pressure During Exercise
What happens to systolic arterial...,
What causes the increase in systo...,
What activates the sympathetic ne...
20  cards
6.14 Cardiac Hypertrophy
What is cardiac hypertrophy 1,
What type of exercise leads to ca...,
Which part of the heart undergoes...
20  cards
6.15 Blood Flow During Exercise
What happens to blood flow to ske...,
Which vessels directly supply ske...,
What regulates blood flow into ca...
19  cards
10a.1 Airway Anatomy
What are the three main focus are...,
How does airway diameter change f...,
How does smaller airway diameter ...
27  cards
10a.2 Tubes and Res.
What is the main factor that dete...,
How does smaller diameter affect ...,
How does larger diameter affect r...
22  cards
10a.3 Airway Fxn
What is the primary function of t...,
What structures carry air to the ...,
What happens if airways become sm...
28  cards
10a.4 Intro to Airway Dysfunction
What causes increased airway resi...,
What are the three main mechanism...,
What is bronchoconstriction 3
23  cards
10b.5 Understanding Partial Pressure
What does partial pressure descri...,
Why is partial pressure important...,
What is atmospheric pressure at s...
16  cards
10b.6 Clinical Abbreviations
What does p stand for in gas leve...,
What does f stand for in gas leve...,
What does the subscript i stand f...
28  cards
10c.7 Alveoli Capillary Diffusion
What is alveolar capillary diffus...,
Which cells form the alveolar wall 2,
What type of cells are type i alv...
25  cards
10c.8 Alveolar Gas Exchange
Alveolar gas exchange 1,
What three main factors affect al...,
What drives oxygen diffusion from...
22  cards
10c.9 Ventilation Perfusion Matching
What is ventilation 1,
What is perfusion 2,
What is the main goal of ventilat...
21  cards
10c.10 Dead Space
What is dead space in the respira...,
Why is air in dead space not used...,
What are the two main types of de...
20  cards
10d.11 Intro to Blood Gasses
What are the two main blood gases 1,
What are the three main ways gase...,
What percentage of oxygen is diss...
31  cards
10d.12 Blood Gas Transportation
What are the two forms that gases...,
Which form of gas in blood is phy...,
What determines the partial press...
24  cards
10d.13 Oxyhemoglobin Binding
In what two forms is oxygen carri...,
Which form of oxygen is physiolog...,
What happens to plasma po as oxyg...
27  cards
10d.14 Exercise Example
What does the oxyhemoglobin disso...,
What three main factors change in...,
How does increased temperature af...
22  cards
10d.15 Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
What does the oxyhemoglobin disso...,
What does the oxyhemoglobin curve...,
What is the po and saturation of ...
28  cards
10e.16 Measuring Blood Oxygen
In what two forms does oxygen exi...,
What percentage of blood oxygen i...,
What percentage of blood oxygen i...
28  cards
10e.17 Pulse Oximetry
What does a pulse oximeter measure 1,
Is pulse oximetry invasive or non...,
What type of light does a pulse o...
26  cards
10f.18 Blood Gas and Ventilation
What is the primary regulator of ...,
What are the two variables contro...,
Which is more important for contr...
27  cards
10f.19 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Why is carbon monoxide poisoning ...,
What are the two forms of oxygen ...,
In carbon monoxide poisoning whic...
14  cards
11a.1 Intro to Endocrine System
What defines the endocrine system 1,
What is the key feature that make...,
What is an autocrine signal 3
12  cards
11a.2 Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Axis
Hypophyseal 1,
Hypothalamo hypophyseal axis 2,
Hormones released by the hypothal...
16  cards
11a.3 Hormone Transport and Receptor Binding
What must happen for a hormone to...,
In the bloodstream what two forms...,
Which form of a hormone is biolog...
20  cards
11a.4 Receptor Upregulation and Downregulation
What does it mean when a cell upr...,
What does it mean when a cell dow...,
How does receptor number affect h...
18  cards
11b.5 Overview of Endocrine Organs and Hormones
What is the main role of the endo...,
What is the hypothalamo hypophyse...,
Which pituitary portion does the ...
29  cards
11b.6 Hormone Categories
What are the main categories of e...,
Why do some sources say there are...,
What are amine hormones derived f...
28  cards
11b.7 Thyroid Hormone
Why is the thyroid gland a good e...,
What is the hypothalamo pituitary...,
What hormone does the hypothalamu...
21  cards
11b.8 Adrenal Function
What are the two major parts of t...,
What is the main function of the ...,
What stimulates the adrenal medul...
28  cards
11b.9 Calcium Homeostasis
What is the main purpose of calci...,
What are the three main hormones ...,
Which gland produces parathyroid ...
30  cards
11c.10 Intro to Endocrine Disorders
What are the two main categories ...,
What does hyperfunction mean in e...,
What are two possible causes of e...
13  cards
11c11 Primary vs Secondary Dysfunction
What are the two main types of en...,
What defines a primary endocrine ...,
What defines a secondary endocrin...
18  cards
11c.12 Neoplasm
Neoplasm 1,
Are all neoplasms cancerous 2,
Malignant neoplasm 3
30  cards
11c.13 Autoimmune
Can autoimmune diseases cause end...,
What gland provides common exampl...,
What type of endocrine dysfunctio...
26  cards
11c.15 Genetic Mutations
What can genetic mutations cause ...,
What are two main types of mutati...,
What happens if a mutation occurs...
18  cards
9a.2 Breathing Terminology
What is tidal volume 1,
Why is it called tidal volume 2,
What is respiratory rate respirat...
44  cards
9b.3 Basics of Ventilation
What is another term for breathing 1,
Is inspiration an active or passi...,
Is expiration an active or passiv...
39  cards
9b.4 Ventilation Mechanics
What are the two phases of ventil...,
At rest is inspiration active or ...,
At rest is expiration active or p...
34  cards
9b.5 Phonation
What is phonation 1,
What muscles make up the vocal co...,
Which nervous system controls the...
16  cards
9b.6 Energetics of Ventilation
Does ventilation require energy 1,
What percentage of total metaboli...,
Why does resting ventilation requ...
23  cards
9c.7 Somatic Control of Ventilation
What type of muscles control brea...,
Which nervous system controls ske...,
Why is breathing considered somat...
10  cards
9c.8 Neural Control of Ventilation
What brain regions make up the re...,
Which medullary groups control br...,
Which pontine groups control brea...
19  cards
9d.9 Valsalva Maneuver
What is the valsalva maneuver 1,
What muscles are used during a va...,
What happens to thoracic abdomina...
22  cards
9d10 Valsalva 2
What happens to cardiac contracti...,
Why does contractility increase d...,
Why is valsalva usually safe in h...
19  cards
9e.11 Cough Reflex
What is the purpose of the cough ...,
What are the two types of stimuli...,
What are common mechanical trigge...
17  cards
9e.12 Sneeze Reflex
What is the main difference betwe...,
What structure is primarily irrit...,
What types of stimuli can trigger...
16  cards
12a.1 Intro to Pharmacology
What is pharmacokinetics 1,
What is pharmacodynamics 2,
What is bioavailability 3
13  cards
12b.2 First-Pass Hepatic Metabolism
First pass hepatic metabolism 1,
Why is it called first pass 2,
What does hepatic refer to in fir...
9  cards
12b.3 Oral Absorption
What is the most relatable mechan...,
After swallowing a pill where doe...,
Where is the active compound of a...
17  cards
12b.4 Intravenous Injection
What is the fastest way to get a ...,
Why does iv injection ensure a kn...,
Can iv drugs still undergo metabo...
12  cards
12b.5 Intramuscular Administration
What major advantage does intramu...,
What is a common real world examp...,
Why is an epipen given into muscl...
13  cards
12b.6 Inhalation and Intranasal Absorption
What is the most obvious example ...,
Why does inhalation deliver asthm...,
Which receptors do inhaled short ...
14  cards
12b.7 Sublingual Absorption
What is sublingual absorption 1,
After being absorbed sublingually...,
What major metabolic pathway does...
12  cards
12b.8 Transdermal and Subcutaneus Absorption
Transdermal absorption 1,
Subcutaneous absorption 2,
Key difference between transderma...
14  cards
12c.9 Plasma Proteins
What percentage of plasma is water 1,
What makes up the remaining 1 of ...,
What are the three major plasma p...
17  cards
12c.10 Free vs Protein Bound Drug
What are the two states a drug ca...,
What is the most common plasma pr...,
What can a free drug do that a pr...
22  cards
12c.12 Blood Brain Barrier
What is the purpose of the blood ...,
What three components form the bl...,
What special structural feature d...
11  cards
12c.13 Prodrugs
What are the two major organs inv...,
What is a prodrug 2,
What is the example of a prodrug ...
9  cards
12d.15 Protein Binding
What does protein binding influen...,
Why is epinephrine metabolized qu...,
What happens shortly after epinep...
15  cards
12d.16 Kidney and Liver Dysfunction
What happens to drug metabolism w...,
How does impaired liver or kidney...,
Why might a normal dosage schedul...
5  cards
12e.17 Drug Interactions
What can influence a drug s physi...,
What are the three general types ...,
What is a drug disease drug condi...
11  cards
12e.18 Competitive Inhibition
What is antifreeze made of and wh...,
What enzyme metabolizes ethylene ...,
What toxic metabolite is produced...
9  cards
12f.19 Agonists and Antagonists
Agonist 1,
Antagonist 2,
What happens when both an agonist...
9  cards
7a.1 Kidney Anatomy
Where are the kidneys located 1,
What structure connects each kidn...,
What happens if there is a blocka...
12  cards
7a.2 Renal Blood Supply
Through what vessel does blood en...,
Which vessels follow the renal py...,
After the interlobar arteries wha...
14  cards
7a.3 Nephron
What is the functional unit of th...,
Where are the glomeruli located w...,
What structure begins each nephron 3
19  cards
7b.5 Renal Processing of Plasma
What four processes make up renal...,
What types of molecules are discu...,
Through which arteriole do plasma...
10  cards
7b.6 Regulation of Water
What does the lumen refer to in n...,
What structure is shown next to t...,
What happens to capillary hydrost...
20  cards
7b.7 Diuresis and Natruiresis
What is diuresis 1,
What does a diuretic do 2,
What is natriuresis 3
11  cards
7b.8 RAAS
What does raas stand for 1,
What are the three main triggers ...,
What specialized kidney cells det...
15  cards
7b.9 Effect of High Sodium Intake
What does a very salty meal immed...,
How does increased sodium affect ...,
What receptors detect increased o...
21  cards
7b.10 Sodium Intake and Diuretics
What happens if you eat several s...,
Why do you feel bloated after mul...,
What happens when you stop eating...
20  cards
7b.11 Summary of Blood Pressure Control
What are the three phases of bloo...,
What mechanism provides rapid blo...,
How fast does the baroreceptor re...
15  cards
7c.12 Acid-Base Balance
What is the main metabolic proces...,
Which equation describes the rela...,
What enzyme catalyzes the convers...
20  cards
7c.13 Micturition Reflex
What muscle in the bladder is res...,
Is the detrusor muscle voluntary ...,
Which nervous system controls inv...
28  cards
7d.14 Glomelular Filtration Rate
What does gfr stand for 1,
What does gfr measure 2,
What is a normal gfr range normal...
15  cards
7d.15 Hypertension and the Kidney
What effect does high arterial bl...,
What is glomerular hypertension 2,
What happens to the glomerulus wh...
15  cards
7d.16 Diabetes on the Kidneys
What do both type i and type ii d...,
How does increased blood glucose ...,
In healthy individuals how much g...
15  cards
7d.17 Exercise Prescription and the Kidney
How does kidney dysfunction gener...,
Why do people with kidney disease...,
What problems can electrolyte and...
18  cards
8a.1 Hematopoesis and Erthythropoesis
What is hematopoiesis 1,
What is erythropoiesis 2,
Where do mature blood cells origi...
30  cards
8a.3 Spleen
What is one major function of the...,
How does the spleen remove old or...,
What happens to red blood cells t...
13  cards
8c.7 Hemoglobin and Iron Metabolism
What is the main molecule that tr...,
What is the key component inside ...,
How many heme groups does each he...
40  cards
8c.8 Jaundice
What is jaundice 1,
What is the technical term for el...,
What does hyperbilirubinemia mean 3
22  cards
8d.9 Anemia
What is anemia 1,
What are the three major types of...,
What is hypoproliferative anemia 3
26  cards
8d.10 EPO Use and Misuse
Why is anemia common in chronic d...,
What symptoms are common in cance...,
Why does cancer itself contribute...
12  cards

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Decks: Lecture 1 Neurophysiology, Lecture 2 Somatosensation, Lecture 3 Pain, And more!
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