SBM Endocrine

1) Define diabetes from the perspective of the doctor and the patient 2) Know the health implications of the diagnosis of DM 1 and 2 3) Understand the basic pathophysiology and biochemistry that underlies hyperglycemia 4) Know the diagnostic criteria of Type 1, Type 2, Gestational diabetes and metabolic syndrome 5) Know the health implications of impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome

1) Be able to define obesity, know how current measurements are made and their limitations. 2) Understand that obesity is a multifactorial problem. 3) Know medical complications of obesity 4) Identify treatment options for obesity

—Review the secretion and effects of insulin —Understand the various insulin preparations used in the treatment of diabetes.

1) To learn the epidemiology of Type 2 diabetes: prevalence, ethnicity, age and the risk factors 2) To learn the natural history of the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes 3) To learn the concept of insulin resistance and how it can be measured 4) To learn the roles of the hormones insulin, glp1 and adiponectin in Type 2 diabetes 5) To learn the roles of the liver, fat cells, GI tract and islet cells in the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes 6) To illustrate the interplay of genetics and env

1. Discern the relevance of embryological pituitary development to disorders of pituitary function. 2. Understand how impingement of pituitary tumors on adjacent anatomic structures causes distinct clinical symptoms and signs. 3. Identify the components of each of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axes, and understand current concepts of the feedback mechanisms that control them. 4. Relate the feedback mechanisms and biological effects of pituitary hormones to the clinical finding

Acromegaly —case presentation: clinical and biochemical manifestations —GH: action and regulation of secretion —What causes acromegaly? —Treatment: physiological basis Amenorrhea-glactorrhea —case presentation: manifestations —differential diagnosis —treatment: physiological basis Relevance of the pituitary developmental scheme

Learning objectives

1) Review the basic physiology of metabolism 2) Know the pathophysiology of DKA 3) Know the rationale behind treatment 4) Understand why DKA does not happen in DM 2 5) Be able to explain the difference between DKA and HONK

Outline of talk 1. Case presentation 2. Overview of hirsutism and virilization 3. Adrenal cortex physiology and steroid synthesis 4. Characterization of the genetic defects 5. Clinical spectrum of CAH 6. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

1. Be familiar with the causes of structural abnormalities of the thyroid gland. 2. Recognize how these entities present clinically. 3. Be familiar with the histology associated with these disorders. 4. Be able to initiate an evaluation of these disorders and interpret the test results. 5. Understand the evolving importance of ultrasound identifying nodules suspicious for malignancy 6. Understand the importance and limitations of FNA biopsies to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid n

1. To understand the role of hormones in the maintenance of blood pressure and in the genesis of secondary hypertension. 2. To understand the association of specific endocrine abnormalities and hypertension. 3. To know how to initiate appropriate endocrine work-up to identify secondary causes of hypertension related to endocrine disorders. 4. To be able to recognize the clinical features of patients with a pheochromocytoma and primary hyperaldosteronism and be familiar with the appropriate e

1. Define hypoglycemia from a physiologic vantage point 2. Explain the difference between adult and child glucose homeostasis 3. Describe the broad categories of disorders that cause neonatal and childhood hypoglycemia 4. Explain the genetic causes of persistent hyperinsulinism of infancy 5. Explain the differential diagnosis of adult hypoglycemia syndromes 6. Review a flow diagram for evaluation of adult hypoglycemia 7. Overview of insulinoma and islet cell tumors

1. To define terms used to describe bone disorders: —osteopenia —osteoporosis —osteomalacia 2. To understand the pathologic and pathophysiologic processes that underlie these bone disorders.