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1
Q

Temporal arteeiris

  • what vessels are involved (+ symptoms)
  • diagnostic ( beware of something)
  • treatment
A
  • temporal artery (headache), opthalmic artery (vision problems), jaw claudication plus poly myalgia rheumatica (Fever joint and muscle pain
  • biopsy the vessel (but if negative still can’t tule out because affects only certain parts of the carotid arteries

Tx: steroids

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2
Q

Takayasu
- vessels affected (+ symptoms)
- treatment

A

Aortic branches (brachial, radial, ulnar) visual and neurologic disturbances with low upper extremities pulse

  • Tx: steroids
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3
Q

Pan
- vessels affected (+symptoms )
- spares what organ
-treatment

A

Necrotizing vascultiis affecting mesenteric artery ( abdominal pain), renal (HTN) neurological , skin lesions

  • abdominal pain and peripheral neuropathy

Spares lungs

Steroids and cyclophosphamide according to pathoma

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4
Q

Churg
- symptoms
- treatment

A

Heart, asthma , neuropathy
Steroids and cyclophosphamide

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5
Q

Renal disorder in Wegner

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

IGA nephropathy
- pathophysiology
- symptoms
- treatment

A

Viral URI caused IGA to be deposited in blood vessel and kidney
- gib, IGA nephropathy, swollen scrotum, abdominal pain , purpura on legs and/ or burr
-Tx: self limited

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7
Q

Aortic dissection
- cause
- presentation
- MCCOD
-diagnostic
- treatment
- common complication

A
  • HYPERTENSION weakened the t. Media
  • severe sudden onset chest pain, widen mediastinum and left pleural effusion
  • MCCOD : pericardial tamponade
  • Dx: stable do ct angiogram with contrast and if unstable do TEE
  • Tx: Type a (BB and surgery ; it can involve asc and desc) type B (BB)
  • complication - hoarseness bc left recurrent laryngeal nerve is right by the aortic arch
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8
Q

Thoracic aneurysm
- pathophysiology (MCC)
- most common complication

A

Tertiary syphilis weakened the t media
Aortic dilation

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9
Q

Aaa
- cause
- presentation.

A

Atherosclerois ( thickens the intima therefore blood can’t flow into the vessel causing weakness
- hypotension ? Pulsátiles mass bc blood flowing through , flank pain

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10
Q

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- how does it present
- positive for

A

Cervical lymph node involvement
Keratin

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11
Q

Tb spreads where (+ most common)

A

Meninges causing meningitis, vertebrae (Potts disease, cervical lump nodes and Mc Is kidney causing sterile pyuria

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12
Q

Homozygote A1AT complications

A

Emphysema with liver cirrhosis

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13
Q

Sarcoidosis symptoms

A

Uveitis, sjorgren features, erythema nososun

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14
Q

Lung cancer
- complication
- likes to metastasize where

A

Recurrent latrngeal nerve (hoarseness) and phrenic (diaphragm paralysis

Adrenals

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15
Q

Common complication of mesothelioma

A

Recurrent pleural effusions

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16
Q

FAS associated with what CHD

A

Vsd

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17
Q

Fixed split S2

A

ASD

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18
Q

Maternal diabetes associated with what CHD

A

Transposition of great vessels

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19
Q

Acute rheumatic fever

  • MCCOD
  • which valve is most commonly involved
  • treatment
A

Myocarditis
MITRAL (MR)
Tx: nsaid and penicillin such as macrolide

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20
Q

Chronic rheumatic disease
- complication
- affects what valve

A

Infectious endocarditis
MS always and maybe AS

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21
Q

Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo descreído murmur
(+complication

A

AS

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia bc of the calcifications crushing the RBC

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22
Q

Early blowing diastolic murmur

A

AR

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23
Q

Bounding pulse, pulsating nail bed and head bobbing

A

AR

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24
Q

Midsystolic click followed by regurgitation

A

MVP

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25
Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble
MS
26
Holosystolic blowing murmur
MR
27
Behcet presentation
Genital ulcers, apthous ulcer, uveitis after viral infection
28
Complication of mumps
Sterility if happens on teens
29
Complication of esophageal web
Esophageal squamous cell cancer
30
MCCOD in cirrhosis
Rupture esophageal varices
31
Complication of achalasia
Increased risk of esophageal squamous cancer
32
GERD - unique symptoms - name interesting risk factor
Adult onset asthma Hiatal hernia
33
Types of esophageal cancer
Adenocarcinoma ( Barrett’s vs squamous cell ( esophageal web, achalasia , hot drinks
34
When does pyloric stenosis present
2 weeks old bc that’s how long it takes for stenosis to occur
35
Causes of acute vs chronic gastritis
Acute - burns / increased intracranial pressure cause ulcers, shock bc Dec blood flow , nsaids Chronic - autoimmune gastritis (antibody attacks parietal cells in type 4 hypersensitivity so low acid so increase gastrin, pernicious anemia , intestinal metaplasia due to the increased gastrin, increased risk of intestinal gastric adenocarcinoma Chronic - h pylori induced —ulceration, possible maltoma, gastric adenocarcinoma (intestinal but triple therapy would reduce these symptoms
36
Peptic ulcer - types (+ causes
Duodenal vs gastric - duodenal better with eating; h. Pylori and zollinger - gastric - h pyloric or NSAIDs ; can lead to gastric adenocarcinoma (intestinal
37
Gastric carcinoma (+ types
Intestinal - large irregular ulcer due to intestinal metaplasia ( chronic gastritis), gastric ulcer Diffuse - signet rings, can present with trelat (increased seborrheic keratosis) and Acanthosis nigiri and
38
Complication of meckles
Intussusception, volvulus, mimics appendicitis when there’s obstruction but most cases are asymptomatic
39
Volvulus most affected areas
Sigmoid in elderly and Cecum in young adults
40
Pathophysiology of small bowel infarction
Thrombosis for whatever reason (afib, vasculitis such as PAN ,antiphospholipid syndrome anti cardiolipin, polycytemia Vera ) of SMA or mesenteric vein
41
Celiac - affects where - HLA - complications
Duodenal Hal dq2 and dq8 Small bowel carcinoma and enteripathy associated T cell lymphoma
42
Other one similar to whipples - pathophysiology - affects where - complication
Infectious diarrhea triggers it Jejunum and ileum therefore b12 and b9 deficiency
43
Presentation of whipple disease
Synovial fluid of joints (Arthritis) , cardiac valves , lymph nodes and cns
44
Common complication of appendix
PeriAppendiceal abscess
45
Hirschsprung affects what organ
Sigmoid Colon and rectum
46
Uc and chrons complications. And associations
Uc- ulcer heals with pseudopolyp; toxic megacolon; increased risk of Colon cancer; associated with PSC panca Chrons - heals with fibrosis so cobble stones, pulls fat up so fat stranding Associated with ankyloisng spondylitis , uveitis, erythema nodosum, sacroilitis
47
Diverticulosis vs angiosysplasia - complication of diverticulosis
Wall stress causes rectal bleeding but affects different sides (a on right colp. and d affects sigmoid colon Diverticulitis , colovesical fistula with air of stool urine
48
Ischemic colitis - pathophysiology -presentation
Atherosclerois of sma so affects splenic flexure, pain with eating
49
Improve with defecation and fiber
IBS
50
Peutz jegher - pathophysiology - complications
Benign polyps (hamartoma ) in GI and hyperpigmentation of lips Cancers : breast, gyn and crc
51
Crc - differentiate lynch vs adenoma sequence (fap
Lynch occurs sporadically without polyps - occurs on the right side; IDA and occult bleed. Adenoma sequence occurs on the left side with left lower quadrant pain and obvious blood streaked stool
52
Pancreatitis - complications - poor prognosis
Pancreatic pseudo cyst or abscess both present with persistently elevated amylase - abscess- fever abdominal pain and cyst has abdominal mass Hypo calcemia
53
Chronic pancreatitis - causes - complications
Alcohol and cf (kids) Dm , pancreatic cancer , pancreatic insufficiency so malabsorption and steatorrhea, dystrophic calcifications
54
Pancreatic cancer - complications (based on if head or body involvement) - tumor marker
Pancreatitis, palpable gallbladder , (obstructive jaundice with dark urine and pale stool if head), Dm if tail, troaseau sign(migratory thrombophlebitis- red tender swollen extremities . Ca19-9
55
Biliary atresia presentation
Jaundice bc inc conjugated bili Can progress to cirrhosis
56
Acute cholecystitis -presentation - lab: increae of what
RUQ pain radiating to right scapula Increas alkaline phosphates
57
Chronic cholecystitis -pathophysiology - complications
Long standing gallstones causes chemical irritation leading to calificativo of gallbladder (porcelain gallbladder Complication; cancer
58
Ascending cholangitis - pathophysiology
Choledocholithiasis
59
Gallbladder carcinoma - risk factor - presentation
Gall stones with porcelain gallbladder - new onset cholecystitis in someone 40-50
60
HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive , HBcAb IgM positive
Acute
61
Only HBSAg IGG positive
Vaccinated
62
Only HBcAB IgM positive
Window period
63
HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive or maybe negative , HBcAb IGg positive , HBsAb negative
Chronic
64
HBcAb IgG positive and HBsAB IgG positive.
Resolved
65
Alcoholic relative liver disease vs NAfatty liver disease
Both can present worth fatty change , or hepatitis or cirrhosis but alcoholic fatty liver has AST>ALT BC AS is in mitochondria. ALT> ALT in NAFLD
66
Hemochromatosis - lab - liver biopsy results - complication - treatment according to pathoma
Just like acd Brown pigment in liver (Prussian blue positive HCC Phlebotomy
67
Wilson -presentation - labs - complications - treatment
Child has cirrhosis. Párkinson and Huntington symptoms, neurologic behavioral changes Inc urinary copper inc copper on liver biopsy , decrease serum ceruloplasmin Complication: HCC Tx: s penicillamine
68
HCC - risk factors - tumor marker - complication
Cirrhosis (Wilson , hemochromatosis , Nash A1AT deficiency ) chronic hepatitis , Complication. Budd chiari Alphafetoprotein
69
Holosystolic murmur at Llsb with Apical diastolic rumble
VSD
70
Vasalva
Decreases preload
71
Abrupt standing
Decreases preload
72
Nitroglycerin
Decreased preload
73
Sustained handgrip
Increases afterload
74
Squatting
Increases preload and afterload
75
Positive leg raise
Increases preload
76
Gallstone ileus - pathophysiology - complications
Due to cholecystitis and can lead to SBO
S
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