Define CAD.
Computer-Aided Design; the use of computer software to create, modify, analyze, or optimize a design.
State two advantages of using CAD in product design.
Designs can be easily modified; allows for 3D modeling and accurate measurements.
What is CAM and how is it used in manufacturing?
Computer-Aided Manufacturing; it uses software and machinery to automate production based on CAD models.
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of CAM.
Advantage: High precision and consistency. Disadvantage: High initial cost and requires skilled operators.
Compare the use of CAD and manual drawing in the early stages of design.
CAD offers precision and easy alterations; manual drawing is faster for quick ideation and more expressive for early creativity.
Define CIM.
Computer-integrated manufacture. The use of computers to control the entire production process, integrating CAD, CAM, and inventory systems.
How does CIM improve efficiency in manufacturing?
By automating processes, reducing human error, and speeding up production with real-time data integration.
What is anthropometrics?
The study of human body measurements used to design products that fit the user.
Why are percentile measurements important in anthropometrics?
They help designers cater to a wide range of users by choosing appropriate data points (e.g. 5th, 50th, 95th percentiles).
Define ergonomics.
The application of scientific information about humans to design for comfort, efficiency, and safety.
What is the purpose of using annotation in design sketches?
To explain design decisions, materials, functions, and user needs.
Name three techniques used to present product design ideas.
Freehand sketching, isometric drawing, CAD modeling.
How can exploded diagrams help communicate a design?
They show how different components fit together and how a product is assembled.
Define natural timber and give two examples.
Timber sourced directly from trees; examples: oak, pine.
What are regenerated materials?
Man-made fibers created by reforming raw materials.
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using polymers in product design.
Advantage: Lightweight and moldable. Disadvantage: Environmental impact due to non-biodegradability.
What are stock forms and why are they important in manufacturing?
Standardized shapes/sizes of materials (e.g., sheets, rods) that reduce waste and cost.
Define an alloy and give two examples used in product design.
A mixture of metals to enhance properties; examples: brass (copper + zinc), stainless steel (iron + chromium).
What is a SMART material?
A material that reacts to environmental changes (e.g., temperature, light, pH) and changes its properties accordingly.
Give two examples of SMART materials and their applications.
Thermochromic pigment (mugs that change color with heat), shape memory alloys (self-repairing glasses frames).
Name three permanent joining techniques for metals.
Welding, brazing, riveting.
What forming process is used to make hollow plastic products?
Blow molding.
Describe the difference between vacuum forming and injection molding.
Vacuum forming shapes a plastic sheet over a mold using suction; injection molding injects molten plastic into a mold.
What is the role of jigs and fixtures in manufacturing?
They hold and guide tools/workpieces to ensure repeatability and precision.
