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Question 1

Cartilage function

Answer 1

Support
Bear weight
Withstand tension, torsion and bending.
Guides development and grwoth of long bones both before and after birth.

Question 2

Cartilage is surrounded by ___. (Except articular and fibrocartilage)

Answer 2

Perichondrium
- the outer covering of cartilage.

Question 3

Covering the ends of most bones and movable joints

Answer 3

Articular cartilage

Question 4

Describe the different types of Cartilage

Answer 4

Hyaline
- Flexible and Resilient
- Chondrocytes are spherical

Elastic
- Highly Bendable
- Matrix with elastic collagen fibers

Fibrocartilage
- Resist Compression and Tension
- Rows of thick collagen fibers alternating with rows of chondrocytes
(Knee menisci, Pubic Symphysis, Intervertebral disc)

Question 5

Bone functions

Answer 5

Support movement
Protection
Mineral storage (Calcium & Phosphorus)
Blood cell formation & energy storage (Bone marrow: Red- Hematopoietic; Yellow- Fat Storage)

Question 6

Periosteum is secured to bone by the perforating fibers

Answer 6

Sharpey’s Fibers

Question 7

Describe the histologic feature of
Woven Bone, newly calcified

Answer 7

Irregular and random arrangement of cells and collagen; lightly calcified

Question 8

Describe the histologic feature of Lamellar bone

Answer 8

Parallel bundles of collagen in thin layers (lamellae) with regularly spaced cells between; heavily calcified

Question 9

Describe the histologic feature of a Compact bone

Answer 9

Parallel lamellae or densely packed osteons, with interstitial lamellae

Question 10

Describe the histologic feature of a Cancellous bone

Answer 10

Interconnected thin spicules or trabeculae covered by endosteum

Question 11

Terminology:
1. Muscle cell
2. Cytoplasm of muscle
3. Muscle fiber plasma membrane
4. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle fiber

Answer 11

1. Muscle fiber
2. Sarcoplasm
3. Sarcolemma
4. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Describe a skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 12

Fibers: Striated, tubular and multi nucleated

Question 13

Describe a smooth muscle tissue

Answer 13

Fibers: non-striated, spindle-shaped, and uninucleated

Question 14

Describe a cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 14

Fibers: striated, branched, and uninucleated (one nucleus per cell.)

Question 15

The muscle triad

Answer 15

1 T-tubule

2 terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

The triad is responsible for excitation–contraction coupling.