06.20.24

Question 1

refers to the psychology born out of the experience, though, and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full use of Filipino culture and language

Answer 1

Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology)

Question 2

As part of the indigenous psychology tradition, sikolohiyang Pilipino is built on psychology knowledge that:

Answer 2

1. arose from within the culture
2. reflects local behaviors
3. can be interpreted within a local frame of reference
4. yields results that are locally relevant

Question 3

What did Enriquez (1978) quickly point out about the Sikolohiyang Pilipino

Answer 3

does not advocate that foreign theories should be totally abandoned

Question 4

__ __ of anything foreign is as dangerous as __ __ of Western theories

Answer 4

• uncritical rejection
• uncritical acceptance

Question 5

What are the identified principles guiding Sikolohiyang Pilipino research

Answer 5

1. research participants have to be treated as equal, if not superior, to the researchers
2. welfare of the participants takes precedence over any information taken from them
3. appropriateness (and not sophistication) to the intended population should be the primary basis for selecting methods
4. language of the participants should be the language of the research

Question 6

Levels and modes of interaction in general Filipino Psychology (Marcelino 1990 from Santiago and Enriquez 1976)

Answer 6

1. pakikitungo (transaction/civility with)
2. pakikisalamuha (interaction with)
3. pakikilahok (joining/participating with)
4. pakikibagay (in conformity with/in accord with)
5. pakikisama (getting along with)
6. pakikipag-palagayang-loob (having rapport with)
7. pakikisangkot (getting involved with)
8. pakikiisa (being one with)

Question 7

Two categories of the interaction levels Santiago and Enriquez (1976) further elaborated

Answer 7

1. “Ibang-Tao” or Outsider Category
2. “HIndi Ibang-Tao” or Insider Category

Question 8

“Ibang-Tao” or Outsider Category

Answer 8

1. pakikitungo (level of amenities)
2. pakikibagay (level of conformity)
3. pakikisama (level of adjusting)

Question 9

“Hindi Ibang-Tao” or Insider Category

Answer 9

1. pakikipag-palagayang-loob (level of mutual trust)
2. pakikiisa (level of fusion, oneness, full trust)

Question 10

Specific methods/observation in the field in terms of questioning/leading the question to the desired set of answers or would lead to richer discussions/appropriate persons: (1-5)

Answer 10

1. on language of the questions: depending on who you talk to - technical vs. practical
2. indirect questions
3. be humble if you can and feign humility if you can’t
4. use pakikiramdam and be categorically ignorant - feign your ignorance
5. use pagmamasid-masid, pakikiramdam to connect with people, esp. if identified as the same ethnic group

Question 11

Specific methods/observation in the field in terms of questioning/leading the question to the desired set of answers or would lead to richer discussions/appropriate persons: (6-11)

Answer 11

6. imperative: distance from your political or belief systems
7. on questions: when to start? when the respondent is already open to answer questions related to the study.
8. when to end? when the answers are repetitive despite several attempts to approach the questions
9. uya-uya/duyan-duyan discussions – just continue.
10. the goodness of ‘marites/ or chismis culture in the Philippines
11. the virtue of corroboration

Question 12

On questions: when to start? when the respondend it already open to answer questions related to the study

Answer 12

• Opening convo/relatability intuitive index
• Liminal/segueing should be timed with verbal and nonverbal cues
• Research questions (formal or informal transition)

Question 13

Uya-uya / duyan-duyan discussions - just continue

Answer 13

Serendipity is near - be it direct infor or leads to person/s that are much knowledgeable to the responent