09 - Neurone signalling

Question 1

Signals travel from cell body to terminals via…

Answer 1

Electrical signalling

Question 2

Neurone signalling is fast and can occur over…

Answer 2

Long distances

Question 3

Neurones are important to pharmacology because they are a…

Answer 3

Potential site for drug action (e.g. local anaesthetics and anticonvulsants)

Question 4

Signalling between neurones is (chemical / electrical/ hormonal)…

Answer 4

Chemical (neurotransmitters)

Question 5

The 4 common features of neurotransmitters…

Answer 5

1. Synthesis
2. Storage and release
3. Interaction with target cell
4. Termination of action

Question 6

Synthetic enzymes produce neurotransmitters from…

Answer 6

Precursors

Question 7

The precursor for dopamine is…

Answer 7

Tyrosine

Question 8

Vesicles contain the neurotransmitters, which protects them from…

Answer 8

Metabolic enzymes

Question 9

Vesicles release their contents across the synaptic cleft by…

Answer 9

Ca2+ dependent exocytosis

Question 10

Receptors on the target cell may have which 2 types of effect?

Answer 10

Excitatory or inhibitory

Question 11

Receptors on the target cell are ligand gated ion channels or…

Answer 11

G protein linked

Question 12

Ligand gated ion channels linked to post synaptic receptors open via…

Answer 12

Allosteric conformational change

Question 13

Excitatory receptors linked with ion channels allow movement of…

Answer 13

Sodium ions

Question 14

Inhibitory receptors linked with ion channels allow passage of…

Answer 14

Chloride ions

Question 15

G-protein linked receptors are (fast / slow)

Answer 15

Slow

Question 16

G-protein linked receptors can activate enzymes or may…

Answer 16

Open an ion channel

Question 17

Neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft by…

Answer 17

High affinity reputable transporters

Question 18

Reuptake of acetylcholine differs from other neurotransmitters in that…

Answer 18

It is broken down extracellularly (while other NTs are reuptake first)

Question 19

Pharmacological interventions at neurotransmitter synthesis… (3)

Answer 19

• precursor availability
• synthetic enzyme inhibition
• false transmitters

Question 20

Pharmacological interventions during storage and release…

Answer 20

• vesicles disrupters
• releasing agents, no AP needed (e.g. amphetamines)
• block metabolic enzymes

Question 21

Pharmacological interventions at the point of termination…

Answer 21

• reuptake inhibition (e.g. SSRI)

- Inhibition of metabolism (for acetylcholine)