1

Question 1

Francis Galton

Answer 1

• Intelligence testing
• association test
• separating twins = nature vs. nurture = intelligence inherited but needs to be nurtured
• “regression line”

Question 2

Harry Harlow

Answer 2

• Attachment

* Monkeys need contact comfort early in life

Question 3

John Bowlby

Answer 3

• Critical periods - 6-7mos old attach to caregivers
• Stranger anxiety - afraid of strangers 6mos-2yrs
• Separation anxiety - distress when separation 6-8mos, 14-18mos, diminishes after 2 yrs

Question 4

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 4

• Developmental psychologist
• Emotional Attachment
• Secure attachment - infant is mildly upset by mother’s absence and seeks her when she returns
• Insecure (Anxious/Ambivalent attachment) - infant becomes disturbed when left with a stranger but ambivalent to her return and resist her contact. Mothers are often moody and inconsistent caregivers
• Insecure (Anxious/Avoidant Attachment) - child shows little distress when mother leaves and ignores her when she returns. Mothers are impatient and unresponsive or provide their infants with too much stimulation

Question 5

Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment

Answer 5

• Judith Solomon & Mary Main
• fearful of caretakers, confused facial expressions
• 80% of infants who have been mistreated exhibit this behavior

Question 6

Social Learning Theory

Answer 6

• Albert Bandura
• People learning by observing others = modeling
• Bobo Doll Study

Question 7

Self-Regulation Theory

Answer 7

• Albert Bandura
• We have the ability to control our behavior by:

1. Self-observation - paying close attention to a specific behavior, how frequently it occurs under what circumstances, etc.
2. Self-judgement - comparing ourselves with a standard either self-imposed or set by society, then creating a goal
3. Self-response - rewarding or punishing ourselves accordingly

This leads to self-concept