How should you report dividends in arrears
include in current year income from continuing operations (disclosed in the notes no liability)
Y1+y2 etc and subtract any amount paid
Is good will reported in equity method and do you adjust investment account for increase in FV
No JE is required since it is included in investment
Dr investment
Cr cash
You do not adjust for increase in FV since GW is already included in investment account
Governmental Funds
(GRASPP)
And what is it
-General (police), Special -Revenue(specific purposes)
-debt service(payment of general-debt) ,
-capital projects(city hall),
-permanent funds(principal cannot be used only income generated), -budgetary
Financial position = (Current financial resources focus)
These funds account for the core governmental activities supported primarily by taxes and other non-exchange revenues.
On a bond how do you amortize a premium or discount
Since a discount is a debit account you amortize it by crediting the difference between interest expense and cash paid
A vice versa for premium
Discount:
Dr cash
Dr discount
Cr bond payable
Amortize
Dr Interest expense
Cr discount payable
Cr cash
Premium:
Dr cash
Cr premium
Cr bond payable
Amortize
Dr Interest expense
Dr premium payable
Cr cash
BV of company if not given?
Asset - liabilities
Or stockholder equity
(If ending balance given and asked for beg)
End + common stock dividends + preferred stock dividends - net income = beg
Is dividends reported as income under equity method or FV method?
No, they reduce investment income (return on investment)
But included in taxable income
In FV method or option dividends do increase earnings
Even in Fair Value method, Liquidating dividends are considered return on investment (treating it like equity method)
How should changes in method and estimate be accounted for
Prospectively
Depreciation is considered a change in accounting estimate, with a natural change in principle, not a cumulative effort
A change in salvage value or estimated life is not a change in principle, but estimate
How are stock splits and dividends treated for EPS
As if the occurred at beg of year they are adjusted retroactively
Including treasury stock
EVEN PRIOR YEARS
Does TS affect net income, RE or stock holders equity
No, treasury stock transactions (gain or loss) will never affect income statement or RE
Only when discontinued (not treasury) (decrease in RE & APIC)
Reduces stockholders equity
Donated TS does no affect equity
Proprietary funds (SE)
And what is it
-Internal service (internal departments )
-enterprise ( fee based)
(water and sewer utilities enterprise)
Financial position = (Economic resource funds)
Fiduciary funds (CIPPOE)
And what are they
-Custodial,(funds temporarily in custody of the government )
-investment, (manages for others)
-private purpose( assets held for individuals )
-pension,
-other employee benefit
Financial position = (Economic resource focus)
These funds account for resources held by the government in a trustee or agency capacity for others and cannot be used to support the government’s own programs. (Held for others)
What if an investment in the equity method reported income throughout the year
A change in investment is calculated by the time outstanding during the year
Change in investment is different from income from investment where you don’t subtract dividends
What are the eliminating entries in a consolidation
(CAR IN FAIG)
-Dr Common stock (sub)
-Dr APIC (sub)
-Dr RE (sub)
-Cr investment in sub
-Cr non controlling interest
-Dr FV/BV difference (separate)
-Dr accum dep (subs)
-(?) identifiable assets
-Dr Goodwill (acquisition price - (net assets + FV)
Adjust for subs PPE by (accum dep - valuation diff)
Formula for eliminating entries in a consolidation
Parent + Sub - Consolidated BS = eliminating entry
Good will consolidated vs equity method
Consolidated :
GW = 100% valuation - (Net asset + FV)
Equity method;
GW = purchase price - your ownership of the FV amount
FV of what
The three accounts used in equity method
Investment account
Equity in earnings
Cash
Purpose of coupon rate & market rate
Coupon rate determines the actual cash outflow to bondholders
Mrkt rate
Used to calculate FV of bonds cash flows
And calculate interest expense recognized each period
How do small stock dividends and large stock dividends affect RE and APIC , par or market vale?
small< 20%
Small * percentage of stock dividend
Dr RE (by market value)
Cr common (par value)
Cr APIC
Large
Dr RE (par value)
Cr common (par value)
Stock holder equity is not affected, neither is your percentage in equity in another company
What is the indirect method and direct method in foreign transactions
And where are they reported if translation or transaction
Direct Method (DP)
(Domestic price of 1 unit foreign currency)
Indirect Method (FP)
(Foreign price of 1 unit domestic currency)
Translation = OCI
Transaction = IS
Difference between recognized subsequent event and non recognized
And example
Recognized : These are events that provide additional information about conditions that already existed as of the balance sheet date
(must be adjusted and disclosed to reflect this new information)(including lawsuit the happened after balance sheet but incident ocurred prior to year end)
Non recognized: These are events that relate to conditions that arose after the balance sheet date (you do not adjust the financial statements) GENERALLY do not disclose
Like dividends declared after financial statements for outstanding stocks by year end, destroyed inventory or a new law suit
How are changes in accounting principles reported?
This requires retrospective application, prior years must be adjusted as if the new principle (example FIFO) had always been used. Or switching from a completed contract method of accounting to percentage of completion method
From one GAAP to another
The same for change in reporting entity ( changes in aquisitions , disposals or in consolidated scope)
They adjust Beg RE & current earnings
The difference arises because applying LIFO retrospectively is impractical, so FIFO → LIFO is prospective, but LIFO → FIFO is retrospective. Both are changes in principle, but the accounting treatment differs due to practicality.
How do retrospective adjustments affect current and prior periods
Prior periods are adjusted to RE as a cumulative effect.
For current year is reported using the new accounting principle directly in the income statement
What is the current portion of a lease liability
Lease expense(payment) - lease interest portion expense
Classify
Market rate > coupon rate =
Market rate < coupon rate =
Both PV of ordinary annuity of $1 ( if not given)
Discount
Premium