1 Flashcards

(38 cards)

1
Q

How should you report dividends in arrears

A

include in current year income from continuing operations (disclosed in the notes no liability)

Y1+y2 etc and subtract any amount paid

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2
Q

Is good will reported in equity method and do you adjust investment account for increase in FV

A

No JE is required since it is included in investment
Dr investment
Cr cash

You do not adjust for increase in FV since GW is already included in investment account

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3
Q

Governmental Funds
(GRASPP)

And what is it

A

-General (police), Special -Revenue(specific purposes)
-debt service(payment of general-debt) ,
-capital projects(city hall),
-permanent funds(principal cannot be used only income generated), -budgetary
Financial position = (Current financial resources focus)

These funds account for the core governmental activities supported primarily by taxes and other non-exchange revenues.

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4
Q

On a bond how do you amortize a premium or discount

A

Since a discount is a debit account you amortize it by crediting the difference between interest expense and cash paid
A vice versa for premium
Discount:
Dr cash
Dr discount
Cr bond payable

Amortize
Dr Interest expense
Cr discount payable
Cr cash

Premium:
Dr cash
Cr premium
Cr bond payable

Amortize
Dr Interest expense
Dr premium payable
Cr cash

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5
Q

BV of company if not given?

A

Asset - liabilities
Or stockholder equity

(If ending balance given and asked for beg)
End + common stock dividends + preferred stock dividends - net income = beg

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6
Q

Is dividends reported as income under equity method or FV method?

A

No, they reduce investment income (return on investment)

But included in taxable income

In FV method or option dividends do increase earnings

Even in Fair Value method, Liquidating dividends are considered return on investment (treating it like equity method)

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7
Q

How should changes in method and estimate be accounted for

A

Prospectively

Depreciation is considered a change in accounting estimate, with a natural change in principle, not a cumulative effort

A change in salvage value or estimated life is not a change in principle, but estimate

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8
Q

How are stock splits and dividends treated for EPS

A

As if the occurred at beg of year they are adjusted retroactively

Including treasury stock

EVEN PRIOR YEARS

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9
Q

Does TS affect net income, RE or stock holders equity

A

No, treasury stock transactions (gain or loss) will never affect income statement or RE

Only when discontinued (not treasury) (decrease in RE & APIC)

Reduces stockholders equity
Donated TS does no affect equity

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10
Q

Proprietary funds (SE)

And what is it

A

-Internal service (internal departments )
-enterprise ( fee based)

(water and sewer utilities enterprise)

Financial position = (Economic resource funds)

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11
Q

Fiduciary funds (CIPPOE)

And what are they

A

-Custodial,(funds temporarily in custody of the government )
-investment, (manages for others)
-private purpose( assets held for individuals )
-pension,
-other employee benefit

Financial position = (Economic resource focus)

These funds account for resources held by the government in a trustee or agency capacity for others and cannot be used to support the government’s own programs. (Held for others)

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12
Q

What if an investment in the equity method reported income throughout the year

A

A change in investment is calculated by the time outstanding during the year

Change in investment is different from income from investment where you don’t subtract dividends

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13
Q

What are the eliminating entries in a consolidation

A

(CAR IN FAIG)
-Dr Common stock (sub)
-Dr APIC (sub)
-Dr RE (sub)
-Cr investment in sub
-Cr non controlling interest
-Dr FV/BV difference (separate)
-Dr accum dep (subs)
-(?) identifiable assets
-Dr Goodwill (acquisition price - (net assets + FV)

Adjust for subs PPE by (accum dep - valuation diff)

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14
Q

Formula for eliminating entries in a consolidation

A

Parent + Sub - Consolidated BS = eliminating entry

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15
Q

Good will consolidated vs equity method

A

Consolidated :
GW = 100% valuation - (Net asset + FV)

Equity method;
GW = purchase price - your ownership of the FV amount

FV of what

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16
Q

The three accounts used in equity method

A

Investment account
Equity in earnings
Cash

17
Q

Purpose of coupon rate & market rate

A

Coupon rate determines the actual cash outflow to bondholders

Mrkt rate
Used to calculate FV of bonds cash flows
And calculate interest expense recognized each period

18
Q

How do small stock dividends and large stock dividends affect RE and APIC , par or market vale?
small< 20%

A

Small * percentage of stock dividend
Dr RE (by market value)
Cr common (par value)
Cr APIC

Large
Dr RE (par value)
Cr common (par value)

Stock holder equity is not affected, neither is your percentage in equity in another company

19
Q

What is the indirect method and direct method in foreign transactions

And where are they reported if translation or transaction

A

Direct Method (DP)
(Domestic price of 1 unit foreign currency)

Indirect Method (FP)
(Foreign price of 1 unit domestic currency)

Translation = OCI
Transaction = IS

20
Q

Difference between recognized subsequent event and non recognized

And example

A

Recognized : These are events that provide additional information about conditions that already existed as of the balance sheet date
(must be adjusted and disclosed to reflect this new information)(including lawsuit the happened after balance sheet but incident ocurred prior to year end)

Non recognized: These are events that relate to conditions that arose after the balance sheet date (you do not adjust the financial statements) GENERALLY do not disclose

Like dividends declared after financial statements for outstanding stocks by year end, destroyed inventory or a new law suit

21
Q

How are changes in accounting principles reported?

A

This requires retrospective application, prior years must be adjusted as if the new principle (example FIFO) had always been used. Or switching from a completed contract method of accounting to percentage of completion method

From one GAAP to another

The same for change in reporting entity ( changes in aquisitions , disposals or in consolidated scope)

They adjust Beg RE & current earnings

The difference arises because applying LIFO retrospectively is impractical, so FIFO → LIFO is prospective, but LIFO → FIFO is retrospective. Both are changes in principle, but the accounting treatment differs due to practicality.

22
Q

How do retrospective adjustments affect current and prior periods

A

Prior periods are adjusted to RE as a cumulative effect.

For current year is reported using the new accounting principle directly in the income statement

23
Q

What is the current portion of a lease liability

A

Lease expense(payment) - lease interest portion expense

24
Q

Classify
Market rate > coupon rate =

Market rate < coupon rate =

A

Both PV of ordinary annuity of $1 ( if not given)
Discount

Premium

25
How are contributions in perpetuity classified in a NFP (including temporarily restricted earnings)
Net assets with donor restrictions
26
What are the three level of inputs in FV determination
Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for (identical ONLY) assets or liabilities that the entity can access on the measurement date. Level 2: observable, either directly or indirectly. This includes quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical assets in inactive markets. Level 3: Unobservable inputs based on the entity’s own assumptions about what market participants would use. These often involve estimates like projected cash flows or internally generated data and are the least reliable. Identifying specific market participants is not considered and assumption
27
Name permanent differences in income tax
Premiums on life insurance (non deductible) (Not amount paid) Proceeds from life insurance policies Interest income on municipal bonds Dividends (DRD) If ownership is less than 20%, the DRD is 50% of the dividends received. If ownership is 20% to 80%, the DRD is 65%. If ownership is over 80%, the DRD is 100% (full exclusion).
28
Name examples of DTL Future taxable amount * tax rate
Accelerated depreciation for tax purposes Installment sales (rev recognized on books now but taxable income recognized later when cash is received) Unrealized gains on trading securities Rent receivable Prepaid expenses Deducted now for tax purposes and not on books If you are the one paying in advance Book income > taxable income I cant deduct it yet in my books
29
Name examples of DTA Expenses recognized now, deductible later Future deductible amount * tax rate
Warranty expense Recognize on the books now, tax return later NOL * tax rate Deferred compensation liability Expense in books now but deductible on tax return when paid Unrealized losses on trading securities Amortized startup cost on taxable income Net operating Carry forward losses (if not carried back its carried forward) Bad debt expense Expense recognized on the books now but tax deduction only when specific accounts are written off later Prepaid expenses if you receive cash in advance taxable income > book income I cant record this income in my books because its unearned like advance royalties
30
Examples of Cash flow operating (10)
(adjust netincome) -AR ( NET) -Inventory -deferred income taxes ( temporary difference * tax rate for the year -GAIN on sale of equipment(different from proceeds on sale)(bc it comes from netincome) (price sold- CV) -Depreciation -Prepaid insurance -Trading securities(+)(-)they are current assets -Increase in tax liabilities -AP -Tax payable -Dividend received (already included in netincome) -Activities associated with agency transactions (NFP) - interest lease payments Gains = proceeds - BV If gains come from trading securities then they are not adjusted to net income since they are already part of operating
31
Examples of cash flow financing activities
Dividends paid Transactions obtaining resources from owner and providing them with a return on their investment Proceeds from issuance of long term debt Cash contributions restricted by the donor for long-term purpose Payment on long term debt Proceeds from sale of treasury stock Proceeds from issuing your own debt Proceeds/payment of Line of credit Long term debt - current portion
32
Examples of cash flow from investing activities
-Available for sale securities -Down payment -Sale of building -Transactions involving making and collecting loans -Purchase of bonds payable -PROCEEDS from buying or selling someone else debt -Purchase of common stock - changes in Fixed assets -capital expenditures -capital lease payments -collections from notes receivables
33
How to classify a finance lease (for the lessee) OWNES and if not a finance what are they
Ownership transfer to lessee Written purchase option reasonably certain to exercise NPV of lease payments plus any guarantee residual usually 90% or more of the assets FV Economic life lease term covers typically 75% or more of the assets economic life Specialized asset meaning it has no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease Operating
34
JE to record warranty expense and warranty paid
Record estimated warranty expense Dr warranty expense Cr warranty liability Actual warranty cost incurred Dr warranty liability Cr cash or payable
35
Is a reclassification of a current liability to non current after the balance sheet date but before issuance a subsequent event? What criteria must it have
Yes, reclassification is an exception and requires disclosure. it can exclude that liability from current liabilities and classify it as long-term. Its must have intent and ability(before issuance of balance sheet) This is an exception to the general rule that subsequent events after the balance sheet date are only disclosed and not adjusted. It does not have to directly refinance the note (like issuing bonds and using the proceeds to pay debt) Dr current liabilities Cr long term liabilities
36
Total interest paid over life of a loan (how do you calculate)
Difference between total payment lump sum - PV of annual payment
37
Companies that file with the SEC When do they disclose date the dates to which they evaluate subsequent events and up to when should they evaluate them
Evaluation period ends when financials are issued No discloser required for evaluation date
38
Companies that do not file with SEC How do they disclose period in which subsequent events ended and up to when should they evaluate subsequent events
Evaluation period ends when financials are available to be issued And evaluation process should be disclosed to which subsequent events were evaluated