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Question 1

What does pH measure?

Answer 1

The acidity or alkalinity of a solution

pH is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

Question 2

A pH of 4 is:

Answer 2

Acidic

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 being acidic.

Question 3

Lipophilic means ‘attracted to’:

Answer 3

Fats or lipids

Lipophilic substances are soluble in fats and oils.

Question 4

Hydrophilic means ‘attracted to’:

Answer 4

Water

Hydrophilic substances are soluble in water.

Question 5

An emulsion is a mixture of:

Answer 5

• Water and oil
• Two immiscible liquids

Emulsions require an emulsifier to stabilize the mixture.

Question 6

Surfactants contain two ends:

Answer 6

• Hydrophilic end
• Lipophilic end

Surfactants help reduce surface tension between liquids.

Question 7

A water-in-oil emulsion feels:

Answer 7

Greasy or oily

This type of emulsion is often used in creams and ointments.

Question 8

Which ingredient attracts water to the skin?

Answer 8

Humectants

Humectants help retain moisture in the skin.

Question 9

Antioxidants protect the skin by:

Answer 9

Neutralizing free radicals

Antioxidants help prevent oxidative stress and skin damage.

Question 10

Glycolic acid is an example of a(n):

Answer 10

Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA)

Glycolic acid is used for exfoliation and improving skin texture.

Question 11

Salicylic acid is classified as a:

Answer 11

Beta hydroxy acid (BHA)

Salicylic acid is effective for acne treatment due to its ability to penetrate oil.

Question 12

What is the function of preservatives?

Answer 12

Prevent microbial growth

Preservatives extend the shelf life of cosmetic products.

Question 13

What is the main function of mineral oil?

Answer 13

Moisturizing and occlusive agent

Mineral oil helps to prevent water loss from the skin.

Question 14

The smallest unit of matter is:

Answer 14

Atom

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all substances.

Question 15

A substance that cannot be reduced further without losing identity is a(n):

Answer 15

Element

Elements consist of only one type of atom.

Question 16

A comedo is:

Answer 16

A clogged hair follicle

Comedones can be open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads).

Question 17

Acne is characterized by:

Answer 17

Pimples, blackheads, and cysts

Acne occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells.

Question 18

A keloid is:

Answer 18

A raised scar

Keloids form due to excessive collagen production during healing.

Question 19

Psoriasis is:

Answer 19

A chronic autoimmune skin condition

Psoriasis leads to rapid skin cell production, resulting in scaling and inflammation.

Question 20

What condition causes extreme oiliness?

Answer 20

Seborrhea

Seborrhea is often associated with oily skin and dandruff.

Question 21

Milia are:

Answer 21

Small, white cysts

Milia are often found around the eyes and cheeks.

Question 22

Eczema is an example of a(n):

Answer 22

Inflammatory skin condition

Eczema causes red, itchy, and inflamed skin.

Question 23

A lesion that is red and elevated but contains no fluid is a:

Answer 23

Papule

Papules are small, raised bumps on the skin.

Question 24

A vesicle is:

Answer 24

A small fluid-filled blister

Vesicles can occur due to various skin conditions.

Question 25

**Hyperpigmentation** means:

Answer 25

Darkening of the skin ## Footnote Hyperpigmentation can result from sun exposure or inflammation.

Question 26

**Albinism** is the absence of:

Answer 26

Melanin ## Footnote Albinism results in lighter skin, hair, and eyes.

Question 27

Which condition involves **blood vessel dilation**?

Answer 27

Rosacea ## Footnote Rosacea causes redness and visible blood vessels on the face.

Question 28

The **active growing phase** of hair is the:

Answer 28

Anagen phase ## Footnote This phase can last several years, depending on the individual.

Question 29

The **resting stage** of hair growth is the:

Answer 29

Telogen phase ## Footnote During this phase, hair is shed and new hair begins to grow.

Question 30

The **hair papilla** contains:

Answer 30

Blood vessels and nerves ## Footnote The hair papilla nourishes the hair follicle.

Question 31

**Lanugo hair** is:

Answer 31

Fine, soft hair ## Footnote Lanugo is typically found on fetuses and newborns.

Question 32

The **follicle** is located in the:

Answer 32

Dermis ## Footnote Hair follicles are embedded in the skin's dermal layer.

Question 33

The **arrector pili muscle** attaches to the:

Answer 33

Hair follicle ## Footnote This muscle causes hair to stand up when contracted.

Question 34

The **cuticle** of the hair is the:

Answer 34

Outer layer of the hair shaft ## Footnote The cuticle protects the inner layers of the hair.

Question 35

The **SDS** includes information on:

Answer 35

Safety data sheets for chemicals ## Footnote SDS provide details on handling, hazards, and safety precautions.