1. 3. 4 Web Technologies

Question 1

HTML

Answer 1

• Language/script that web pages are written in
• Allows a browser to interpret and render a webpage for the viewer
• Does this by describing the structure and order of the webpage
• Two sections of webpage, head (contains title) and body (contains content)

Question 2

HTML Tags

Answer 2

Refer to image in word doc

Question 3

Example HTML

Answer 3

Refer to images in word doc

Question 4

Other HTML tags

Answer 4

• Paragraphs (<p>), defines a paragraph separated with a line space above and below
• <p> This is how a p tag looks like </p>
• Images (<img></img>), is a self-closing tag (No need for </img>) used for images, following parameters must be included src (source), height=x, width=y
• <img src=”Header-Physics-Maths-Tutor.png” width=”1000” height=”100”>
• Link (<a>) is an anchor tag that defines a hyperlink with the location parameter, laid out in following format <a> link text </a></a>
• <a href=”https://www.physicsandmathstutor.com”> Physics and Maths Tutor </a>
• Ordered list <ol> defines an ordered list, each element defined using <li> tag
• Unordered list <ul> defines an unordered list, each element defined using <li> tag
• Division <div> divides a page into separate areas which can each be referred to uniquely by name
• <div id=”page”>

Question 5

Classes and Identifiers

Answer 5

• Attributes given to elements on a webpage which you wish to style in a particular way
• Multiple elements across web page can be assigned to certain class
• Elements therefore will follow a consistent style and the style/format only needs to be defined once
• Defined in the head of the webpage or within a linked CSS style sheet
• Classes defined using full stop
• Identifiers are a unique name given to an element on a web page
• Only one element can be associated with a particular identifier
• Identifiers are defined using a hashtag

Question 6

CSS

Answer 6

• Cascading Style Sheets is a language which is used to describe the style of a webpage
• Used to specify the way HTML elements look, can be applied to tags such as <h1>, <p> and <div>
• Two forms, Internal/embedded CSS, External CSS
• Internal/embedded CSS directly entered into HTML document inside the style tags
• External CSS written in separate document, link to style sheet added to HTML document
• Following link added into header when external style sheet used
• <link href= “nameofstylesheet.css” rel= “stylesheet” type=”text/css”>
• Each section of CSS begins with name of class/identifier or element to be styled
• Followed by set of curly brackets where attributes of the element are defined

Question 7

JavaScript

Answer 7

• Scripting language, primarily adds interactivity to websites, interpreted not complied
• Web pages interpreted by browser each time web page is loaded, independent of processor which it is being loaded by (JavaScript interpreter must be installed on browser)
• Can be separate (JavaScript file) or within HTML document
• Used to validate input data on client computer
• JavaScript can add textboxes, drop down menus, buttons etc to the webpage (interactivity)

Question 8

Advantages of JavaScript

Answer 8

• Local computer can deal with invalid data before sending to server
• Eases load on a busy server, reduces web traffic

Question 9

Search Engines and PageRank Algorithm

Answer 9

• Searches through data base of internet addresses looking for resources based on criteria set by client
• Rely on index of web pages, web crawlers collect keywords and phrases from web page, collect meta data info separated by website owner
• PageRank algorithm ranks each web page, higher ranked show up first on search engine
• Voting- Inbound links page has, each link = vote determines rank
• Weighting- Votes may have greater weight more inbound links greater weight of vote
• Damping- Unlikely user continues, probability user continues clicking links

Question 10

Server-side Vs Client-side processing

Answer 10

• Server side- Client sends data to server for it to be processed, no info processed on client computer, SQL or PHP common server-side scripting languages, does not require plugins, perform large calculations faster, not browser dependent, more secure compared to client-side processing
• Client side- Client processes data on local device, info processed client computer, uses language such as JavaScript, webpage immediately responds to users’ actions, execute quickly, gives developers more control over behaviour and look of website