1 - Behaviour management techniques

Question 1

What are the 2 broad categories of behaviour management?

Answer 1

• pharmacological
• non-pharmacological

Question 2

What are the different pharmacological options for behavioural management?

Answer 2

• LA techniques
• pre-medication
• inhalation sedation
• intravenous sedation
• GA

Question 3

What drug is used in inhalation sedation?

Answer 3

Nitrous oxide

Question 4

What drugs are used in intravenous sedation?

Answer 4

• propofol
• midazolam

Question 5

What is the aim of behaviour management?

Answer 5

To instil a positive attitude towards going to the dentist and engaging in dental treatment

Question 6

What can be beneficial when talking with 1-3 year olds?

Answer 6

Choice of two

Question 7

What can be beneficial when talking with 3 year olds?

Answer 7

• praise for adhering to your request
• distractions to capture their attention

Question 8

What can be beneficial when talking with 4-5 year olds?

Answer 8

• encourage them to take responsibility for sitting in chair
• labelled praise
• direct commands

Question 9

What can be beneficial when talking with 8-12 year olds?

Answer 9

Discuss the need to engage in independence

Question 10

What can be beneficial when talking with adolescents?

Answer 10

• be non-judgmental, non-preaching to develop better rapport
• treat as their own person
• discuss non-dental topics
• emphasise self-dental care to maintain smile

Question 11

What contributes to good communication with patients in paediatric care?

Answer 11

• lower yourself to their level
• use names repeatedly
• avoid dental jargon in younger ages

Question 12

Define dental anxiety.

Answer 12

Anxiety/fear over an unknown danger

Question 13

Define dental fear.

Answer 13

Fear of known danger

Question 14

Define dental phobia.

Answer 14

Fear of known danger, more amplified than dental fear

Question 15

What are some signs and symptoms of dental fear and anxiety?

Answer 15

• breathlessness, perspiration, palpitations
• interferes with concentration, catastrophising
• avoidance of treatment/appointments, aggression

Question 16

What are factors that affect child and adolescent dental anxiety?

Answer 16

• PMH
• PDH
• SH factors
• parental anxiety
• parenting style
• parental presence
• child awareness of dental problem
• behaviour of dental staff
• child temperament

Question 17

How is dental anxiety and fear measured?

Answer 17

• MCDASf
• modified child dental anxiety scale - faces

Question 18

What is modelling?

Answer 18

• role modelling to demonstrate to child that the dentist isn’t scary
• works well with a sibling of a similar age
• can use dentist, nurse, parent or cuddly toy

Question 19

How does voice control affect behaviour management?

Answer 19

• young children respond well to tone
• improves compliance
• use a “school teacher voice”

Question 20

How does tell-show-do work?

Answer 20

• tell, explain the procedure using age appropriate language
• show the demo (can be modelling)
• do, perform the procedure without delay

Question 20

What is enhanced control?

Answer 20

• allows patient a degree of control over your actions
• rest signals
• “sometimes I won’t be able to stop”
• structured and timed treatment
• “where would you like to start”
• “this or that”

Question 20

What is an example of positive reinforcement used in dentistry?

Answer 20

• dental passports
• stickers
• verbal praise

Question 20

What are examples of distraction techniques?

Answer 20

• music
• ceiling projectors
• video glasses