1 - Behaviour management techniques

Question 1

What are the 2 broad categories of behaviour management?

Answer 1

• pharmacological
• non-pharmacological

Question 2

What are the different pharmacological options for behavioural management?

Answer 2

• LA techniques
• pre-medication
• inhalation sedation
• intravenous sedation
• GA

Question 3

4 stages of cooperativeness

Answer 3

• pre cooperative
• children who lacks cooperative ability
• potentially cooperative
• cooperative

Question 4

What drug is used in inhalation sedation?

Answer 4

Nitrous oxide

Question 5

What drugs are used in intravenous sedation?

Answer 5

• propofol
• midazolam

Question 6

What is the aim of behaviour management?

Answer 6

To instil a positive attitude towards going to the dentist and engaging in dental treatment

Question 7

communication component

Answer 7

• 55% body language
• 38% voice, tone
• 7% words

Question 8

What can be beneficial when talking with 1-3 year olds?

Answer 8

Choice of two

Question 9

What can be beneficial when talking with 3 year olds?

Answer 9

• praise for adhering to your request
• distractions to capture their attention

Question 10

What can be beneficial when talking with 4-5 year olds?

Answer 10

• encourage them to take responsibility for sitting in chair
• labelled praise
• direct commands

Question 11

What can be beneficial when talking with 8-12 year olds?

Answer 11

Discuss the need to engage in independence

Question 12

What can be beneficial when talking with adolescents?

Answer 12

• be non-judgmental, non-preaching to develop better rapport
• treat as their own individual
• discuss non-dental topics
• emphasise self-dental care to maintain smile

Question 13

What contributes to good communication with patients in paediatric care?

Answer 13

• lower yourself to their level
• use names repeatedly
• avoid dental jargon in younger ages

Question 14

Define dental anxiety.

Answer 14

Anxiety/fear over an unknown danger

Question 15

Define dental fear.

Answer 15

Fear of known danger

Question 16

Define dental phobia.

Answer 16

Fear of known danger, more amplified than dental fear

Question 17

What are some S + S of dental fear and anxiety?

Answer 17

• breathlessness, perspiration, palpitations
• interferes with concentration, catastrophising
• avoidance of treatment/appointments, aggression, escape

Question 18

What are factors that affect child and adolescent dental anxiety?

Answer 18

• PMH
• PDH
• SH factors
• parental anxiety
• parenting style
• parental presence
• child awareness of dental problem
• behaviour of dental staff
• child temperament

Question 19

How is dental anxiety and fear measured?

Answer 19

• MCDASf
• modified child dental anxiety scale - faces

Question 20

examples of non-pharm BMT

Answer 20

• acclimitization
• role modelling
• tell show do
• enhanced control
• voice control
• positive reinforcement
• distraction

Question 21

What is modelling?

Answer 21

• role modelling to demonstrate to child that the dentist isn’t scary
• works well with a sibling of a similar age
• can use dentist, nurse, parent or cuddly toy

Question 22

How does voice control affect behaviour management?

Answer 22

• young children respond well to tone
• improves compliance
• use a “school teacher voice”

Question 23

What are examples of distraction techniques?

Answer 23

• music
• ceiling projectors
• video glasses

Question 24

What is an example of positive reinforcement used in dentistry?

Answer 24

• dental passports
• stickers
• verbal praise

Question 25

What is enhanced control?

Answer 25

- allows patient a degree of control over your actions - rest signals - "sometimes I won't be able to stop" - structured and **timed treatment** - "where would you like to start" - "this or that"

Question 26

How does tell-show-do work?

Answer 26

- tell, explain the procedure using age appropriate language - show the demo (can be modelling) - do, perform the procedure without delay