1) Cells

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

smallest basic unit of animal or plant and acts as a building block

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

group of similar cells working
together to perform a specific function

Question 3

Organ

Answer 3

group of different tissues working together to perform a
specific function/s

Question 4

Cell wall (3)

Answer 4

1. Gives strength and support
2. Prevent cell from bursting
3. gives cell definite shape and stay turgid
   (fully permeable & made of cellulose)

Question 5

Vacuole (2)

Answer 5

1. Contains sap solution
2. keeps cell turgid (by pushing on cell membrane & wall)

Question 6

Chloroplast

Answer 6

1. Contains chlorophyll that absorbs light energy to carry photosynthesis
2. store starch as grains

Question 7

Cell membrane (3)

Answer 7

1. Acts as a barrier
2. keeps cell content inside
3. controls movement in and out of cell

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Site of chemical reaction

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Site of aerobic respiration to release energy

Question 10

Vesicle

Answer 10

Transport material around and out of the cell

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Site of protein synthesis

Question 12

Nucleus (3)

Answer 12

1. Contains genetic material
2. controls cell activities
3. Controls cell division

Question 13

Red blood cell (5)

Answer 13

Function: transport oxygen to all body cells

Adaptations:
1. Biconcave shape: to provide larger surface area for faster gas exchange
2.No cell organelles(nucleus): to provide more space for more haemoglobin to transport more oxygen
3. Almost same size as capillary: to slowly for efficient gas exchange
4. Flexible: to squeeze through tiniest capillary

Question 14

Ciliated epithelial cells

Answer 14

1. Goblet cells secretes sticky mucus
2. Mucus traps dust and bacteria
3. Cilia beats to sweep mucus out of the lungs
4. Back to the throat to be swallowed and killed by acid in the stomach

Question 15

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 15

Function: site of photosynthesis

Adaptation: Packed with chloroplast which contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy to carry photosynthesis

Question 16

Root Hair Cells

Answer 16

Function: absorption of water and minerals

Adaptations:
1. Cytoplasmic extension: to provide L. S.A for maximum absorption of water and minerals
2. Thin cell wall: for shorter diffusion distance
3. Many mitochondria: site of aerobic respiration to release energy for active uptake of mineral ions
4. Concentrated sap vacuole to allow water absorption by osmosis

Question 17

Xylem Vessels

Answer 17

Function: transport water and minerals and give support to the plant

Adaptation:
1. Made from dead hollow cells with no cell organelles to allow water to flow freely with minimum resistance
2.No end walls, to allow free water flow with minimum resistance in a continuous water column
3. wall with lignin that is water proof to prevent water leakage
4. thick wall made of lignin for support
5. pits to allow lateral movement of water to nearby cells