1. Ionic Bonding

Question 1

What is an ion?

Answer 1

An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons to obtain a full outer shell.

Question 2

Ions Summary

Answer 2

• Anions = Negative ions (gain electrons, more electrons than protons)
• Cations = Positive ions (lose electrons, more protons than electrons)
• Metals → lose electrons → form cations
• Non-metals → gain electrons → form anions

Question 3

Group 1 metals

Answer 3

1+ (e.g. Na⁺)

Question 4

Group 2 metals

Answer 4

2+ (e.g. Mg²⁺)

Question 5

Group 3 metals

Answer 5

3+ (e.g. Al³⁺)

Question 6

Silver

Answer 6

Ag⁺

Question 7

Copper(II)

Answer 7

Cu²⁺

Question 8

Iron(II)

Answer 8

Fe²⁺

Question 9

Iron(III)

Answer 9

Fe³⁺

Question 10

Lead(II)

Answer 10

Pb²⁺

Question 11

Zinc(II)

Answer 11

Zn²⁺

Question 12

Hydrogen

Answer 12

H⁺

Question 13

Ammonium

Answer 13

NH₄⁺

Question 14

Group 5 non- metals

Answer 14

3- (E.g. N3-)

Question 15

Group 6 non- metals

Answer 15

2- (E.g. O2-)

Question 16

Group 7 non- metals

Answer 16

1- (E.g. Cl-)

Question 17

Hydroxide

Answer 17

OH⁻

Question 18

Carbonate

Answer 18

CO₃²⁻

Question 19

Nitrate

Answer 19

NO₃⁻

Question 20

Sulfate

Answer 20

SO₄²⁻

Question 21

What method is used when writing the Formulae for Ionic Compounds.

Answer 21

Swap and Drop Method

Question 22

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 22

The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the positive and negative ions in an ionic lattice.

Question 23

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 23

• They have giant ionic lattices
• There are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in all directions
• The forces need lots of energy to overcome them

Question 24

Do greater charged ions have stronger electrostatic forces of attraction?

Answer 24

The greater the charge on the ions, the stronger the electrostatic forces and the higher the melting point will be.

Question 25

Ionic Compounds conductivity when solid

Answer 25

- Ionic compounds are poor conductors in the solid state - The ions are in fixed positions in the lattice - They are therefore unable to move and carry a charge

Question 26

Ionic Compounds conductivity when molten or in a solution (aqueous)

Answer 26

- Ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity in the molten state or in solution - When the ionic compound is melted or dissolved in water, the ions are able to move and carry a charge