1. Structures within cells- EUKARYOTES

Question 1

what is a rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 1

the RER is the ER studded with ribosomes

Question 2

what is the role of the RER?

Answer 2

process proteins produced by the ribosomes

Question 3

Nucleus is the site of ——-

Answer 3

DNA Replication

Question 4

what is an endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 4

a series of folds that connect to the nuclear envelope

Question 5

what do lysosomes contain?

Answer 5

lysosomes contain digestive enzymes which need to be kept separate from the rest if the cell by a membrane

Question 6

define a lysosome

Answer 6

Lysosomes are small, round organelles

Question 7

what are digestive enzymes in lysosomes used to do?

Answer 7

• used to digest invading cells
• destroy the cell itself when needed

Question 8

what do mature plant cells have?

Answer 8

a large vacuole

Question 9

how are vacuoles important?

Answer 9

important in keeping the cell turgid, meaning when vacuoles are full, it offers full support

Question 10

list the few features a vacuole contains?

Answer 10

• liquid (water)
• pigments
• waste

Question 11

what are ribosomes?

Answer 11

they are tiny organelles that can either:
- free floating in cytoplasm
- attached to the RER

Question 12

where does photosynthesis occur within chloroplasts?

Answer 12

within the thylakoid membranes

Question 13

chloroplasts contain a light absorbing pigment called ———-

Answer 13

chlorophyll

Question 14

define a chloroplast

Answer 14

chloroplasts are organelles surrounded by a double membrane, the inner membrane is folded into thylakoid membranes

Question 15

Describe the structure of the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 15

they are flattened sacs which produce vesicles

Question 16

what takes place within ribosomes?

Answer 16

• proteins are synthesised

Question 17

what are the structures that make up a ribosome?

Answer 17

• small subunit
• large subunit

Question 18

what is the role of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 18

it processes and packages substances produced by the SER and RER

Question 19

what is ATP?

Answer 19

Adenosine Triphosphate, the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

Question 20

describe the double membrane within the mitochondria?

Answer 20

they have a double membrane:
- the inner one forming the cristae as it folds

Question 21

what is the role of mitochondria?

Answer 21

they provide the energy a cell requires

Question 22

Mitochondria is the site of ————-

Answer 22

Aerbobic respiration

Question 23

where is ATP produced?

Answer 23

the cristae, within the chloroplasts, within the mitochondria

Question 24

what are the properties of a cell wall?

Answer 24

1. made from cellulose, which allows teh wall to be:
   - strong
   - flexible

Question 25

what cells have a cell wall?

Answer 25

- plant - fungi - bacteria

Question 26

define a cell wall?

Answer 26

a rigid layer of polysaccharides, which lie on the outside of the plasma membrane

Question 27

- what is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 27

to support the plant cell and stop it from bursting

Question 28

define centrioles

Answer 28

centrioles are protein structures found in animal cells

Question 29

what is the role of centrioles?

Answer 29

they have a roll in spindle fibre which forms during cell division and pulls the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell

Question 30

define chromatin

Answer 30

the way in which DNA in a nucleus exists

Question 31

the nucleus is the largest --------- in a cell and is surrounded by its own membrane the ----------

Answer 31

nuclear envelope