1. The PG's power and support

Question 1

Reasons why PG and PS had uneasy relationship

Answer 1

• Differences in political outlook

- Uneven distribution of power between them

Question 2

Power of PG in March 1917

Answer 2

• PG in authority - but toothless - no means of compelling people to obey its orders
• PG - no authority over Petrograd garrison - controlled firmly by PS due to Order Number 1
• PG - no disciplined police force - Tsarist policemen made themselves scarce after Feb - place taken by local militias

Apparatus of Tsarist govt disintegrated in local authorities - post of provincial governor abolished

Question 3

Zemstva - impact on dual power

Answer 3

• Not elected on a democratic basis - dominated by upper class - lost credibility
• PG reliant on power and influence of PS

Question 4

The PS’s Order Number 1

Answer 4

1st March

• Petrograd garrison aligned itself with Petrograd Soviet before PG fully set up

Stated that - the garrison was subordinate to the Soviet - flared that the orders of the Provisional Committee (forerunner to PG) were only to be obeyed if they didn’t conflict w/ the Soviet’s

PG - had to have approval of the Petrograd Soviet before giving any orders to the garrison

Question 5

Why did the Petrograd garrison align itself w/ the PS?

Answer 5

Feb 28 - Provisional Committee of the Duma - feared that Petrograd could fall victim to mov rule - ordered troops on the city’s streets to return to their barracks

Soldiers - distrustful of middle-class Duma politicians - feared they would be disciplined for turning against officers during Feb. Rev. - refused to accept legitimacy of the order - turned to PS

Question 6

Why was the Petrograd Soviet in full control of the capital?

Answer 6

• Was supported by key workers and city’s army garrison
• Loyalty of railway and postal workers - ensured it controlled links w/ outside world
• Backing of army garrison - gave PS capacity to suppress opposition inside capital + protection from intervention outside it

Question 7

What was the priority of many garrison members?

Answer 7

Not to be sent from safety of Petrograd to the battlefront - duty to remain in capital to defend revolution against enemies

Question 8

How did Soviets spread during 1917?

Answer 8

• Soviet’s reach extends into provincial Russia - Soviets sprang up all over country in 1917
• By Oct - 1,500 soviets

Variety of forms - workers, soldiers, peasants, sailors

Question 9

What was formed in June 1917?

Answer 9

All-Russian Congress of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies formed
- Local soviets from different parts of Russia represented

Question 10

Why is the term ‘dual power’ a misleading description?

Answer 10

• Implies that power was shared, or equally divided - emphatically not the case