10.7 Adaptations

Question 1

define adaption and state the three types

Answer 1

adaption- features enabling the organism to survive in their habitat
- anatomical = physical structure
- physiological = body processes
- behavioural = how an organism acts

Question 2

4 examples of anatomical adaptions

Answer 2

• predators have sharp teeth to kill and chew prey and a strong jaw
• camouflage to blend into its environment to hide from predators
• body coverings such as hair, scales, feathers and shell to provide protection and for warmth
• mimicry copying another organisms appearance or sound fools predators into thinking its poisonous or dangerous

Question 3

3 examples of behavioral adaptions

Answer 3

• seasonal behavioral eg migration (leaving when conditions arent favorable and returning when they are) and hibernation (a period of inactivity reducing metabolic activity)
• plants open stomata in dry conditions to wilt the leaves reducing the SA of the leaves thats exposed to the sun reducing transpiration
• some animals play dead if they think they have been seen by predators

Question 4

3 examples of physiological behaviors

Answer 4

• producing a poison eg some reptiles and plants produce a poison
• some mammals kidneys extract water from urine to reduce the need to drink or find water
• antibiotic production some bacteria produce antibiotics to kill other bacteria in surrounding areas

Question 5

whats convergent evolution and an example

Answer 5

organisms from different taxonomic groups share similar anatomical features they have analogous structures - their features are adapted to perform the same function but have different genetic origin

eg the marsupial mole and the placental mole both have a streamline body and strong arms for digging through soil