RS BGM Ethics > 1.1 Environment > Flashcards

1.1 Environment Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What is applied ethics?

A

Being concerned with how to put ethical theories into practice, in the real world

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2
Q

What is environmental ethics?

A

A branch of applied ethics concerned with the model status of the environment and how humans should interact with it

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3
Q

What is conservation?

A

Individuals who care for the environment as a means of caring for other people

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4
Q

What is stewardship?

A

The belief that christians should look after the world on God’s behalf

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5
Q

What is anthropocentrism?

A

A human centered environmental approach

e.g having a green belt because it looks nice although people need homes

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6
Q

What is biocentrism?

A

Entirely focused on being green in a way that benefits the environment

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7
Q

What is theocentrism?

A

a religious perspective for making environmental decisions

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8
Q

Why are environmental ethics and its approaches important?

A

Important to provide care for the environment, but the approach taken effects how it benefits the environment.

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9
Q

Why is stewardship important?

A

All creation has a close** interdependence** on each other, given by God. Humans have to protect all living things due to this.

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10
Q

Why is conservation important?

A

It saves living things, and promotes humans caring for the environment.

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11
Q

How can you be sustainable?

A

Use renewable energy sources e.g wind, solar

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12
Q

What is waste management?

A
  • Recycle
  • Don’t burn the rubbish
  • Don’t contaminate water with watse
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13
Q

What is climate change?

A
  • The biggest issue for man kind
  • extinction of animals
  • deforestation
  • The warmest the earth has been in 22 yrs
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14
Q

How do religious people carry out stewardship?

A

Be sustainable, do as God commanded them e.g recycle

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15
Q

How can conservation (anthropocentric) be carried out?

A

e.g Having a wind farm because the govt gives you money to use your land

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16
Q

How can conservation (biocentrism) be carried out?

A

e.g become vegan (help the environment for the sake of helping)

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17
Q

Why is it important to carry out environemntal ethics?

3 main reasons

A
  1. Save the earth
  2. Save animals from extinction
  3. Save future generations
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18
Q

Who was James Lovelock?

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A
  • A british scientist and environmentalist
  • Most famous for developing Gaia theory
19
Q

What are the key ideas of James Lovelock?

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A
  • Gaia- living, breathing interconnected organism, which he considered to be like a human being as all systems work together
  • Gaia regulates earth’s conditions to keep it inhabitable
  • Earth is vulnerable to change, therefore it could become uninhabitable
20
Q

What is the Gaia hypothesis?

Scientific explanation

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A

The unlikely molecular mixture of the atmousphere suggests it is an extension of the biosphere, the atmoushpere of the earth is volatile. This volatility is only possible because living things expell a reactive mixture.

21
Q

How does the fact that Gaia is interconnected change humans’ actions?

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A

We must be responsible for our actions and treat the earth like someone we love

22
Q

How does Gaia’s ability to regulate itself change humans’ actions?

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A

Humans have to be more sustainable as humans could make Gaia uninhabitable

23
Q

How does Gaia’s vulnerability change humans’ actions?

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A

Humans should be more sustainable and eco-friendly as humans can destroy Gaia easier than we think.

24
Q

What are 3 reasons that Lovelock’s ideas are important?

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A
  1. Responsibility
  2. Intuitive
  3. Revolutionary
25
What is **intrinsic value**?
Something that has **value within its own right**. **Paramount importance** e.g the amazon rainforest
26
What is **instrumental value**?
A **tool for something else** e.g if you remove 1 tree from a forest it is still a forest.
27
What are different **attitudes** towards **environmental ethics**?
**Radical**- lovelock + Naess **Realist**- everyday people
28
How do **debates** in environmental ethics work?
**Value**- what value does it have **Interests**- who does it interest **Attitude**- what attitued is used
29
How do environmental debates effect **lifestyles**?
It shows the **effect** humans have on the rest of the world, and how they can **change**. Humans are realists
30
Why are **debates** about environmental ethics **important**? | 3 points
1. Environmental issues are **universal** and effect everyone 2. How to help **future generations** 3. Earth could be **unrepairable**
31
Who is **Arne Naess**?
A norwegian philosopher and **environmentalist**. Famous for **deep ecology** and living in a mountain hut.
32
What is **ideology**?
A set of **personal values** that guide **action** but ia not always logically supported
33
What is **ecosophy**?
A set of **personal values** about the **environment** that guides **action**. A **personal ethical system** inspired by the environment. | Stronger than ideology
34
What are **Arne Naess'** key **environmental ideas**?
1. The root cause of environmental **issues** is **capitalism**. 2. We must **change human behaviour** to **ecosophy** 3. **Deep ecology** recognises the **intrinsic** **value** of all things in nature
35
How does **Arne Naess'** beliefs about **capilatism** work?
Capitalism **promotes anthropocentrism** and **shallow ecology**. Capitalism **profits** off the **destruction of the environment**.
36
How does **Arne Naess'** beliefs about **promoting ecosophy** work?
He wants **global** culture of **environmentalism**. As humans must change ways so that **everyone** tries to help.
37
How does **Arne Naess'** beliefs about **deep ecology** and **value** work?
Humans should **respect intrinsic life**. Nature is **diverse**, **complicated** and **sensitive to change**.
38
Why are the key ideas if **Arne Naess important**? | 3 points
1. He believes his ideas are **rational** and **logically supported** 2. They promote **radical change** to solve environmental **issues** 3. They provide a **reactionary** respones to **shallow ecology**
39
What is the **legal perspective** on environmental ethics?
Countries are **committed** to taking **legal action** to **improve** environmental issues.
40
What is the **social perspective** on environmental ethics?
Social attitudes depend on **where you live** e.g Sweden are fundamentalists
41
What was the **Montreal Protocol 1987**?
A **global agreement** to **protect** the ozone layer, by making and buying less ozone depleting substances (ODS)
42
What was the **Kyoto Protocol 1992**?
An **international treaty** that organised **UN** into **reducing greenhouse** gas emissions
43
What was the **Paris agreement 2015**?
A 5 year cycle of increasingly **ambitious** **climate action** carried out by countries
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