1.1 socialisation

Question 1

What does socialisation involve?

Answer 1

Learning the norms and values of a culture and internalising them

Question 2

How long does the process of socialisation last?

Answer 2

• a lifetime
• rules of society have to be continually learned and reinforced
• we also face new social situations in which we have to learn how to act

Question 3

What are the two stages of socialisation?

Answer 3

• primary

* secondary

Question 4

When does primary socialisation occur and with whom?

Answer 4

In the early years of our lives through prolonged contact with our parents or carers

Question 5

What do we learn from?

Answer 5

Sanctions

Observing and copying behaviour

Question 6

What are sanctions?

Answer 6

Rewards and punishments

Question 7

Through primary socialisation what do children develop?

Answer 7

• a conscience and guilt

Question 8

What do children learn the boundaries of through primary socialisation?

Answer 8

The boundaries of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour

Question 9

When does secondary socialisation occur?

Answer 9

Throughout the rest of our lives

Question 10

What are the main agencies of secondary socialisation?

Answer 10

• education
• the media
• the peer group
• the workplace

Question 11

What is the function of secondary socialisation?

Answer 11

• to build on what is learnt in primary socialisation

* to learn and understand how to participate in wider society

Question 12

What is the nature (biological) view?

Answer 12

People are born with instincts that determine behaviour e.g. The maternal instinct

Question 13

What is the nurture (sociological) view?

Answer 13

Behaviour is learned through the process of socialisation, this behaviour differs across cultures

Question 14

What evidence is there for the nature debate?

Answer 14

Bouchard research into identical twins separated at birth

Question 15

Explain what happened in the case of Oskar and Jack (twins supporting the nature debate):

Answer 15

• separated at birth
• Oskar raised a Catholic in Germany by his grandmother
• jack raised a Jew in the Caribbean by his father
• Bouchard documented the similarities in their behaviour, likes and dislikes

Question 16

What was found in the case of Oskar and jack?

Answer 16

• despite their different upbringings the twins behaviour, favourite food, mannerisms and clothing choices were strikingly similar

Question 17

Give names of feral children providing evidence for the nurture debate:

Answer 17

• oxana Malaya
• Isabel the chicken girl
• genie

Question 18

What happened in the case of oxana Malaya?

Answer 18

She was left in a kennel with the family dogs from a very young age, she barked and ran on all fours behaving in a dog like manner.

Question 19

What happened in the case of Isabel the chicken girl?

Answer 19

• found when she was 10
• left in a chicken coop whilst her mam worked the fields
• wasn’t toilet trained
• couldn’t speak
• expressed emotion by beating her hands and feet (imitating the chickens)

Question 20

Define socialisation:

Answer 20

Socialisation is the process of learning the culture of the society in which we live

Question 21

What is social control?

Answer 21

Methods used to persuade individuals to conform to the dominant norms of society

Question 22

How is social control enforced?

Answer 22

Sanctions

Question 23

What is formal social control?

Answer 23

Written rules or laws

Sanctions for those who deviate e.g. Prisons

Question 24

What are formal agencies of social control?

Answer 24

Police
Prisons
Education system

Question 25

What is informal social control?

Answer 25

Unwritten informal ways of controlling people | E.g. Gossip, Praise

Question 26

What institutions enforce informal social control?

Answer 26

Family | Peers

Question 27

Socialisation and social control act together to ensure what?

Answer 27

People follow societies rules