11.14 Internal Lighting

Question 1

What ATA chapter is lights in ?

Answer 1

ATA chapter 33

Question 2

What is important about the power sources of emergency lighting?

Answer 2

Not only connected to the main aircraft batteries , but also to the emergency battery packs

Question 3

How are the main lights connected to power?

Answer 3

Through various busbars, this is advantageous as if one bus bar fails, total lighting is not lost

Question 4

If there is a total electrical failure, what type of lighting comes on?

Answer 4

Standby lighting is powered by the aircraft battery

Question 5

What are the four lighting categories ?

Answer 5

-flight compartment and operational
- passenger compartment
- service
- emergency

Question 6

When installing lights, how should they be installed?

Answer 6

• that direct rays should be the shielded from the pilots eyes
• no objectionable reflections are visible to the pilot
• unless undimmed lights are satisfactory, there must be a means of controlling the intensity of the light

Question 7

What are the manual control methods of incandescent light’s intensity ?

Answer 7

-a potentiometer
-a transistor with a zener diode
-a transformer with pulse width modulation

Question 8

How is illumination controlled with a potentiometer ?

Answer 8

Several resistors reduce the voltage across the lamp. Usually used to vary DC voltage for small numbers of lamps

Question 9

How is illumination controlled with a transistor ?

Answer 9

Used instead of a resistor for when a large number of lights needs to be controlled.

Question 10

How is illumination controlled with a zener diode ?

Answer 10

Zener diode is used to drop the voltage when only two light levels are needed ( dim and bright)

Question 11

What type of current are incandescent lights fed with ?

Answer 11

A/C current

Question 12

What is the benefit of using a transformer instead of a potentiometer to control illumination?

Answer 12

They have a smaller internal power loss

Question 13

How was dimming of lights achieved in older aircraft?

Answer 13

Rheostats

Question 14

What types of lights are available in the flight deck ?

Answer 14

• flood lighting
• map reading Lights
• instrument lighting
• glare shield lighting
• storm lighting system
• integral lights

Question 15

What is a storm lighting system ?

Answer 15

Used in thunderstorms, a switch is used to override the dim function and all lights are brung to full brightness

Question 16

What lighting do dome lights create ?

Answer 16

Background lighting

Question 17

How are some lights powered ?

Answer 17

Powered off of the battery bus

Question 18

What are map reading ( utility or wander ) lights ?

Answer 18

Dimmable, hard wired units producing white or red light that can sometimes be removed from its housing and used handheld with a coiled lead

Question 19

What are the types of instrument lighting ?

Answer 19

• integral
• wedge
• pillar
• bridge
• trans-illuminated
• panels
• glare shields
• floodlighting

Question 20

What is the point of glare shield lighting ?

Answer 20

• To stop the natural whiting of instruments of sunny days
• to reflect the instrument panel lighting when selected downward to illuminate the instruments

Question 21

How does wedge lighting work ?

Answer 21

Light is reflected down a wedge shaped tube out of a crevice, a special bezel is used to focus light toward the instrument, preventing reflection into the pilot’s eyes

Question 22

How is light distributed in a pillar type lighting system ?

Answer 22

Through a filter and an aperture in the lamp housing

Question 23

What lamps are often used in standby magnetic compasses ?

Answer 23

“Pea” lamps

Question 24

What is important to consider about pea lamps fitted in the standby magnetic compasses and pea lamps in general ?

Answer 24

Pea lamps fitted inside the standby magnetic compass are made of a different material, so that there isn’t a magnetic field created, creating deviation in the compass

Question 25

What is bridge lighting ?

Answer 25

Where multiple lamps in a housing are focused over an area of standardised instruments

Question 26

What are trans illuminated panels?

Answer 26

Bonded layers of acrylic plastics where light is reflected down the panels and escapes at facets

Question 27

Why is flood lighting usually used ?

Answer 27

For the general illumination of instruments and controls

Question 28

How is urgency displayed on warning systems ?

Answer 28

Colour of the display and or audio tone

Question 29

What colour are warning signals ?

Answer 29

Red

Question 30

What colour are caution alerts ?

Answer 30

Amber

Question 31

What colour are advisory signals ?

Answer 31

Green

Question 32

What colour are status indicators ?

Answer 32

White

Question 33

How can warning and indication lighting be tested ?

Answer 33

Pressing in the lamp cover creates contact of the test switch

Question 34

What positions does the master test switch have ?

Answer 34

-test -bright -dim

Question 35

Where is the master caution system located ?

Answer 35

At pilots eye level of the EFIS panels

Question 36

Why is cabin lighting installed ?

Answer 36

To create a safe and comfortable environment for the cabin crew and passé

Question 37

What type of lighting is generally used in the cabin ?

Answer 37

Wash lighting, not visible to the eye, but reflected from adjacent areas

Question 38

Where can cabin lighting be controlled from ?

Answer 38

A cabin management system (CMS)

Question 39

what are gas discharge lamps?

Answer 39

flourescence in a lighting tube is created when free electrons collide with mercury vapour atoms to produce UV. UV is convertd to visible light by the flourescent material

Question 40

what is needed for a gas discharge lamp to start?

Answer 40

a very high voltage. a starter unit is often used in homes, however not in aircraft as it generates magnetic interference

Question 41

what are the types of gas discharge lamps found in aircraft?

Answer 41

-cold start flourescent lamps -direct start flourescent lamps -strobe ights

Question 42

why are ballasts used in cold start flourescent lamps?

Answer 42

so that no high voltage peaks are created, but a constant high voltage instead

Question 43

how do direct start flourescent lamps work?

Answer 43

they are constantly heated by a metal strip on the outer wall of the lamp

Question 44

what type of light is oftenly used in no smoking or fasten seat belt signs ?

Answer 44

LED's or electroluminescent type

Question 45

where are LED's or flourescnt lamps usually located?

Answer 45

for general, indirect and concealed lighting in sidewalls, ceilings and similar places

Question 46

what lighting is used to provide soft low level lighting in ceilings directly above the aisles, work areas, toilet occupied and passenger reading lights?

Answer 46

incandescent lights or LED's

Question 47

how does the lavatory occupied sign light up ?

Answer 47

wired to the door lock, it will come on automatically when it is locked

Question 48

what type of sitch is the switch for the flight deck door ceiling light?

Answer 48

magnetic reed type switch, built in to the door so that it will automatically come on once the door is opened and engines are on

Question 49

when are lavatory dome lights on?

Answer 49

whenever the aircraft is using or supplying electrical power

Question 50

how are the overhead reading lights controlled?

Answer 50

passenger can operate them individually along side the light or as part of a built in seat controller

Question 51

how is the lighting in the cargo bays, equipment and avionics bay controlled?

Answer 51

by a switch or automatically comes on once the door is opened

Question 52

generally, what type of light is used to illuminate compartments?

Answer 52

dome type lighting, powered by the ground service bus bar

Question 53

how are bulbs and cargo protected from damage in the cargo bay?

Answer 53

lights are covered with lenses made of tempered glass or other durable materials to prevent heat damage or direct damage to the bulb.

Question 54

what type of light is generally used for service lighting?

Answer 54

explosion proof dome or bulkhead type with conveniently located control switches

Question 55

what type of light is generally used for service lighting?

Answer 55

explosion proof dome or bulkhead type with conveniently located control switches