Who introduced LiCoO2 (LCO) as the first commercially successful form of layered transition metal oxide cathodes?
Goodenough
LiCoO2 was originally commercialized by SONY and is still widely used in commercial Li-ion batteries.
What are the two main issues with LiCoO2 (LCO)?
- Cost and toxicity of Co
- Capacity not high enough (140 mAh/g)
The capacity of LiCoO2 is only half of its theoretical capacity.
What is the theoretical specific capacity of LiCoO2?
273.85 mAh g-1
Typically, only 0.5 Li can be removed due to safety/stability issues.
List the materials in use for lithium secondary batteries.
- LiCoO2 (cathode)
- Cu (current collector)
These materials are essential components in the construction of lithium-ion batteries.
What is the cost of Cobalt (Co) per ton?
41,850 US$/ton
Cobalt is one of the more expensive materials used in lithium-ion batteries.
What is the cost of Iron (Fe) per ton?
135 US$/ton
Iron is significantly cheaper compared to cobalt.
What is the cost of Nickel (Ni) per ton?
12,350 US$/ton
Nickel is another material used in lithium secondary batteries.
What is the cost of Manganese (Mn) per ton?
2,770 US$/ton
Manganese is used in various battery technologies.
What is the cost of Copper (Cu) per ton?
28 US$/ton
Copper is used as a current collector in lithium-ion batteries.
What is the cost of Sulfur (S) per ton?
564 US$/ton
Sulfur is also considered in battery materials but is less common than other materials.
