What is the approximate number of bones in the adult human body?
Approximately 206 bones
What is the internal framework of the human body called?
The skeleton
What are the two main parts of the human skeleton?
- Axial skeleton
- Appendicular skeleton
Which bones form the axial skeleton?
- Bones of the skull
- Ribs
- Spine
- Sternum
- Along with the 3 vertebrae
Which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
- Bones of the arms
- Bones of the legs
- Scapula
- Clavicle
- Pelvis
Fill in the blank: The bones of the skull, ribs, spine, and sternum form the _______.
axial skeleton
Fill in the blank: The bones of the arms and legs, along with the scapula, clavicle, and pelvis, make up the _______.
appendicular skeleton
True or False: The human skeleton is composed solely of the axial skeleton.
False
What does the variation in size and shape among the bones of the skeleton reflect?
Their different roles in the body
What does the Greek root ‘peri’ mean?
around
What does the Greek root ‘osteon’ mean?
bone
What is the primary function of bones in the skeleton?
Provide a rigid framework, give shape and structure, support and protect internal organs
What do bones store that is vital for metabolic processes?
Minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
What does the internal portion of many bones produce?
Red blood cells, platelets, and certain types of white blood cells
What percentage of the body’s mass do bones make up?
Less than 20 percent
True or False: Bones are dry, rigid structures.
False
What is the tough membrane that covers the surface of a long bone?
Periosteum
What type of bone is found in the ends of long bones?
Spongy bone
What is the outer shell of hard compact bone composed of?
Closely packed rings of minerals and protein fibers
What are the narrow canals running through the rings of compact bone called?
Haversian canals
Fill in the blank: The central shaft of a long bone contains _______.
marrow and blood vessels
What is the role of the Haversian canal in bone structure?
Carries blood vessels and nourishment to living bone tissue
What is the latticework structure of spongy bone composed of?
Bony spikes arranged along points of pressure or stress
What type of bone marrow produces red blood cells?
Red bone marrow
