12) Ethics

Question 1

Morality

Answer 1

Behaviors that a person considers important enough to be a guide to the type of conduct that other persons ought to adopt

Question 2

Law

Answer 2

Has explicit written rukes, penalties and officials who interpret the laws and apply the penalties
- laws are often evaluated and changed on moral grounds

Question 3

Australian code for responsible research

Answer 3

• Honesty and integrity
• respect for human research participants, animals and the environment
• good stewardship of public resources used to conduct research
• appropriate acknowledgement of the role of others in research

Question 4

Autonomy

Answer 4

• the right to self govern
• persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection
• respect for the inherent dignity and the nights of person
• commitment not to use a person as a means to an end

Question 5

Justice

Answer 5

• who ought to receive the benefits of research and who bears the burden
• potential for injustice when some groups are regularly selected for convenience

Question 6

Beneficience

Answer 6

• obligation to maximise possible benefits and minimise possible harm

Question 7

Non-Malfeasance

Answer 7

• one’s right to be left alone/not interfered with
• importance of predictable harms vs unforeseeable harms
• may be trumped by the exercise of autonomy and expectations of benefit

Question 8

LOW RISK RESEARCH

Answer 8

• The only foreseeable risk is discomfort

Question 9

Negligible risk research

Answer 9

• no foreseeable risk of harm or discomfort and any foreseeable risk is no more than inconvenience

Question 10

Truthfulness/veracity

Answer 10

• associated with exercise of autonomy - one cannot be autonomous unless fully informed
• central to trust
• improves outcome
• manifestation of respect

Question 11

Therapeutic misconception

Answer 11

• when infividuals do not understand that the defining purpose of clinical research is to produce generalizable knowledge, regardless of whether the subjects enrolled in the trial may potentially benefit from the intervention under study

Question 12

Consent

Answer 12

• requires competence and decision making capacity
• understnding is key
• voluntary
• non-coercive
• revokable
• specific
• documented verbally, in writing or deemed

Question 13

Confidentiality

Answer 13

• not broadcast to third parties

Question 14

Anonymisation

Answer 14

• keep identity secret

- “I could identify my response but another person couldnt”

Question 15

Conflict of interest

Answer 15

A person’s individual interest or responsibility potentially affect their ability to carry out their institutional obligations or professional roles in research