1.2 Migration

Question 1

What is migration?

Answer 1

The movement of people from one location to another.

Question 2

Describe what ‘temporary migration’ and ‘seasonal migration’ are.

Answer 2

Temporary migration: migration for a limited period, this might only be for a few weeks or even several years.
Seasonal migration: migration just for a particular season.

Question 3

What is the difference between ‘forced migration’ and ‘voluntary migration’.

Answer 3

Forced migration: when people are forced to migrate e.g. civil war
Voluntary migration: when people freely choose to migrate e.g. for better weather

Question 4

What are the causes of migration?

Answer 4

Push factors and pull factors.

Question 5

Name some examples of push and pull factors.

Answer 5

Push factors:

• Adverse climatic conditions
• Intolerance
• Poor employment
• Low income
• Housing shortages
• Wars
• Natural disasters
• Shortage of food

Pull factors:

• Amenities
• Attractive employment
• Job prospects
• High wages
• Improved housing
• High standard of living
• Tolerance
• Family links

Question 6

Name the positive impacts of international migration on countries of origin.

Answer 6

Positive:

• Emigration can ease the levels of unemployment and underemployment.
• Reduces pressure on health and education services and on housing.
• Return migrants can bring new skills, ideas and money into a community.
• Major source of income in some countries.

Question 7

Name the negative impacts of international migration on countries of origin.

Answer 7

Negative:

• Loss of young adults workers who may have vital skills
• Ageing population in communities
• Migrants returning on a temporary or permanent basis may question traditional values, causing divisions in the community.

Question 8

Name the positive impacts of international migration on countries of destination.

Answer 8

Positive:

• Increase in the pool of available labour may reduce the cost of labour to businesses
• Migrants may bring important skills to their destination
• Increase cultural diversity
• Reduce the rate of population ageing

Question 9

Name of the negative impacts of international migration on countries of destination.

Answer 9

Negative:

• Taking jobs from people in the long-established population
• Significant change in the ethnic may cause tension
• Overpopulation -> affects environment
• Increased pressure on housing stock and services like health and education.

Question 10

Name of the positive impacts of international migration on migrant themselves.

Answer 10

Positive:

• Wages are higher than in the country of origin
• Wider choice of job opportunities
• Greater opportunities for new skills
• Opportunity to learn a new language
• Support family members

Question 11

Name of the negative impacts of international migration on migrant themselves.

Answer 11

Negative:

• Cost of migration can be high
• Separation from family and friends
• Problems settling into a new culture
• Illegal migrations can involve hazardous journeys