12 - urinary system

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

(bladder)

(uroperitoneum)

1. usually seen in neonatal foals
2. if in adults secondary to what?
3. if in foals secondary to what?

Answer 3

2. chronic urethral obstruction or bladder rupture
3. traumatic

occurs during parturition or shortly after due to excessive compression of the caudal abdomen

Question 4

(bladder)

(uroperitoneum)

(dx)

1. Cx suggestive
2. abdominal US will show excessive, hypoechoic abdominal fluid
3. what is the ratio of creatinine within the peritoneal fluid to the serum?
4. also metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyponatermia, hypochloremia, elevated BUN & creatinine

Answer 4

3. greater than 2:1

Question 5

(bladder)

(uroperitoneum)

1. tx?

Answer 5

Question 6

(bladder)

(uroperitoneum)

1. prog?

Answer 6

Question 7

(bladder)

(patent urachus)

(remnant of a channel between the bladder and the umbilicus)

1. only occurs in neonatal foals

(often assoc with other problems: sepsis or straining)

2. Cx?
3. Dx?
4. tx?

Answer 7

2. urine discharge from umbilical stump; swelling and discomfort in umbilical region
3. Cx, US, contrast radiographs
4. cautery or cystoplasty if that doesn’t work

Question 8

(bladder)

(urolithiasis)

1. usually in what horses?
2. what kind of stone?
3. Cx?
4. Dx?

Answer 8

1. older male horses
2. calcium carbonate (soft and hard)
3. hematuria, incontinence, dysuria, stranguria, oliguria
4. rectal palpation, id stone, cytoscopy

Question 9

(bladder)

(urolithiasis)

1. tx?
2. prog?

Answer 9

1. sx removal (diet won’t disolve)

via perineal urethrotomy or cystotomy

2. recurrence

Question 10

(bladder)

(urethral obstruction)

1. usually secondary to what?
2. Cx?

Answer 10

1. urinary calculi

(also after scarring, neoplasia, extramural compression)

2. colic; little to no urine passed

Question 11

(bladder)

(urethral obstruction)

1. dx?

Answer 11

Question 12

(bladder)

(urethral obstruction)

1. tx?

Answer 12