What are the main components inside a laptop?
CPU, RAM, storage, GPU, battery, motherboard, wireless card, keyboard, display
How do you connect mobile devices to a network?
Wi-Fi, cellular data, Bluetooth, USB tethering, or VPN
Name some common mobile device accessories.
Cases, screen protectors, chargers, headphones, styluses
What types of networks do mobile devices commonly use?
Wi-Fi, cellular (3G/4G/5G), Bluetooth, PAN
What is mobile device management (MDM)?
Software to manage, secure, and configure mobile devices remotely
What is an IP address?
A unique identifier for a device on a network
Name some common ports and their uses.
80 HTTP, 443 HTTPS, 21 FTP, 22 SSH, 25 SMTP, 53 DNS, 110 POP3
Name some wireless network technologies.
Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax), Bluetooth, NFC, cellular networks
What are common network services?
DNS, DHCP, email (SMTP/IMAP/POP3), file sharing, printing
What is DNS used for?
Resolving human-readable domain names to IP addresses
What is DHCP used for?
Automatically assigning IP addresses and network configuration to devices
What are VLANs and VPNs?
VLAN = virtual LAN, separates traffic logically; VPN = secure encrypted connection over the internet
What is a switch?
Connects devices within a LAN and forwards traffic based on MAC addresses
What is a router?
Forwards traffic between networks using IP addresses
What is a gateway?
Device that connects different network types and may perform protocol translation
What is a repeater?
Regenerates and amplifies signals without forwarding decisions
What is an access point?
Connects wireless clients to a wired network
How many bits does IPv4 use?
32 bits
How many bits does IPv6 use?
128 bits
Which IPv4 addresses are private?
10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16
What is a broadcast address in IPv4?
Sends a packet to all devices on the same subnet
Does IPv6 use broadcast?
No, it uses multicast instead
What IPv6 address reaches all nodes on a local link?
FF02::1
How do you calculate usable hosts in a subnet?
2^(32 − prefix) − 2
