What does meiosis lead to the production of in animals?
sperm and egg, gametes
What does meiosis lead to the production of in plants?
Spores
What does mitosis lead to the production of?
Somatic cells
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm into two distinct cells
What are the basic steps of cellular replication?
1) copying the DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid)
2) separating the copies
3) dividing the cytoplasm to create two complete cells
What does DNA wrap around in chromosomes?
Proteins called histones
What is a chromatid?
Each of the double-stranded DNA copies in a replicated chromosome is
called a chromatid
How are the two sister chromatids held together?
by proteins at a large DNA region called the centromere
What is the M (mitotic or meiotic) phase?
The process of the cells separating their chromosomes
In what phase do the chromosomes uncoil into extremely long, thin structures?
Interphase
What is the S phase?
The time when the chromosomes are being replicated
Is the cell always in the M or S phases?
No, cells have two ‘gaps’ in the cell cycle where they are performing their normal functions and growing
When is the second gap (G₂)?
Between the end of the S phase and the start of the M phase
When is the first gap (G₁)?
Between the end of the M phase and the start of the S phase
Do the two gaps in the cell cycle take the same amount of time?
It depends on the cell type and it’s environment
T/F: G₁ and G₂ make up interphase
False: interphase is made up of G₁, G₂, and the S phase
