What are the physical properties of metals?
- High Density
- High melting and boiling point
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- Ductile
- Malleable
What are the chemical properties of metals?
Form basic oxides
Form positive ions
What are alloys?
Alloys are either two or more metals. or metal and nonmetals which have been made molten and then mixed together.
Why are alloys made?
Allows are made because they have preferable qualities over pure metals.
Brass, what are its:
- Main composition
- Special Properties
- Uses
Copper and zinc
Strong and resistant to corrosion
Electrical fittings and car radiators
Bronze, what are its:
- Main composition
- Special Properties
- Uses
Copper and tin
Hard, strong, and sonorous
Statues, spring, coins
Stainless Steel, what are its:
- Main composition
- Special Properties
- Uses
Iron, chromium, Nickel
Does not rust
Kitchen sinks and cutlery
Why does aluminum seem unreactive?
Aluminium forms a layer of oxide which protects it
State the reactivity series
Please = Potassium
Send = Sodium
Cats = Calcium
Monkeys = Magnesium
And = Aluminium
Cute = Carbon
Zebras = Zinc
Into = Iron
Hot = Hydrogen
* Lead
Countries = Copper
Signed = Silver
Gordon = Gold
Why do metals displace each other and how does it work?
More reactive metals will displace less reactive metals to compete for their oxides or their anions.
The bigger the difference in reactivity, the faster the reaction
State the thermal decomposition for group 1 for carbonate, nitrate, and hydroxide
- Except for Lithium
1. Carbonate = Does not decompose
2. Hydroxide = Does not decompose
3. Nitrate = Metal Nitrite + Oxygen
State the thermal decomposition for group 2, lithium, and transition metals for carbonate, nitrate, and hydroxide
Except for Lithium
1. Carbonate = Metal Oxide + co2
2. Hydroxide = Metal Oxide + h2o
3. Nitrate = Metal Oxide + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen
How to extract iron from hematite (Fe2o3)
- use a blast furnace that is covered with a steel case
- Add the 3 main things = Coke (almost pure carbon), limestone (calcium carbonate), and hematite (Fe2o3)
- In the bottom of the blast furnace
C + O2 -> CO2 - In the middle of the blast furnace
CO2 + C -> 2CO - At the top of the blast furnace
Fe2O3 + 3CO -> 2Fe + 3CO2 - CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2(impurities from hematite)-> CaSiO3
How much percent of carbon is mild carbon steel?
0.25% carbon
How much percent of carbon is medium carbon steel?
0.5% carbon
How much percent of carbon is high carbon steel?
1.5% carbon
How to stop iron from rusting?
- Sacrificial Protection = Iron is teamed up with a more reactive metal which is instead oxidized instead of iron.
- Galvanizing = Iron is coated with zinc to keep air and moisture away.
What is aluminum used for?
Airplanes and cars = Low density, strong, resistant to corrosion
Cans = Resistant to Corrosion, malleable
Overhead Cables = Good conductors of electricity
What is zinc used for?
Alloys
Galvanizing iron
Sacrificial Protection
What is copper used for?
Electrical wiring = Good conductor of electricity
Cooking utensils = Malleable, good conductor of electricity
