column vector / vector
a matrix with only one column
equal vectors
two vectors are equal if and only if their corresponding entries are equal
scalar multiple of u by c
cu, obtained by multiplying each entry in u by c
zero vector
vector whose entires are all zero and is denoted by 0
linear combination
given vectors v1, v2, …, vn and scalars c1, c2, …, cn the vector y defined by y=c1v1 + … + cnvn is a linear combination of v1…vn with weights c1…cn
subset
the set of all linear combination of v1…vp, denoted by Span{v1…vp}
Span{v1…vp}
the collection of all vectors that can be written in the form c1v1+…+cpvp