1.3.3 Network Security

Question 1

What is Malware?

Answer 1

Malcious software designed to steal from or damage a computer.

Question 2

What is a virus?

Answer 2

Malware designed to self-replicate and spread.

Question 3

What are 2 examples of Malware?

Answer 3

• Keyloggers
• Worms
• Adware
• Ransomware

Question 4

What is phishing?

Answer 4

Stealing data by tricking users.

Question 5

What are 3 examples of Network Defence?

Answer 5

• Training
• Antivirus
• User Access Levels
• Strong passwords

Question 6

What is Holistic Antivirus?

Answer 6

Identifies malware based on predicting
behaviour.

Question 7

What is signature based antivirus? (2 points)

Answer 7

Compares code to libraries of identified malicious behaviour.
Libraries have to be maintained.

Question 8

What is a firewall?

Answer 8

Hardware or software that monitors packets
going to and from a network.

Question 9

What is packet filtering?

Answer 9

Blocking packets based on rules.

Question 10

State 3 reasons why to use a firewall.

Answer 10

• Prevent packets from accessing specific
  devices.
• Filter packets from a specific location or
  service, e.g. Russia / e-mail.
• Prevent outgoing packets with sensitive
  information.

Question 11

What is a Demilitarised Zone (DMZ)?

Answer 11

An area of protected devices between firewalls.

Question 12

State 2 reason why you would use a DMZ.

Answer 12

• Offer some external services without
  compromising LAN.
• Additional layer of security of public services
  compromised.

Question 13

What is a Gateway?

Answer 13

A hardware device that connects two
dissimilar networks.

Question 14

What is a Proxy?

Answer 14

A server that fetches packets on behalf of
another device.

Question 15

State 2 reasons why you would use a proxy on outgoing traffic.

Answer 15

• Layer of security. Connects on your behalf.
• May store cached version.
• Lightens network load on server.
• Bypass region locks.
• Anonymity*

Question 16

How does a Virtual Private Network(VPN) work? (3 points)

Answer 16

• Computers act as if they are on the same LAN.
• Devices can send requests from a shared router.
• Data between devices can be encrypted.