1.3.4 - Web Technologies

Question 1

Search engine definition

Answer 1

Systems that locate resources (web pages, files, pictures) on the WWW

Question 2

Search engine index

Answer 2

A record of all the resources on the WWW
Created using software called web crawlers

Question 3

Web crawler

Answer 3

Software that continuously crawl the web to discover and record publicly available web pages by following hyperlinks

Question 4

Information stored in the index

Answer 4

URL of source
Context of source
Last time updated
Quality of resource
Meta tags

Question 5

Meta tags

Answer 5

Describe the content of a web page, hidden from users but discoverable by web crawlers

Question 6

Process of searching the web

Answer 6

Web crawlers search the web and copy data to index
Search engine looks through index

Question 7

PageRank purpose

Answer 7

To list search results in the order of usefulness and relevance

Question 8

How does the page rank algorithm work

Answer 8

Start by guessing one for each page and then repeat formula many times until accurate

Question 9

PageRank algorithm

Answer 9

PR(A) = (1-d)+d(PR(Ti)/C(Ti)+…+PR(Tn)/C(Tn))

Question 10

Meaning of d in PageRank algorithm

Answer 10

Dampening factor - probability of random web browser reaching a page - usually 0.85

Question 11

PageRank factors

Answer 11

Domain name
Frequency of search term
Age
Frequency of page updates
Magnitude of content
Keywords in <h1> tags

Question 12

Components of a network model

Answer 12

Client and server

Question 13

Two types of network model

Answer 13

Client-server and peer-to-peer

Question 14

Features of a client-server network

Answer 14

Central server used to manage security
Files and processing on central server
Clients issue requests to server

Question 15

Features of a peer-to-peer network

Answer 15

No central server
All computers can see all files
If a computer is switched off, data can not be retrieved

Question 16

Advantages of client-server

Answer 16

Good for all size organisations
Access levels centrally controlled
Centralised and automated backup

Question 17

Disadvantages of client-server

Answer 17

Expensive to set up and manage

Question 18

Advantages of peer-to-peer

Answer 18

Cheap to set up and maintain
Each computer can act as client and server
Can be used for coverage of live events

Question 19

Client processing

Answer 19

Data is processed before it is sent to a server by the client
Usually in the form of scripts

Question 20

Advantages of client processing (JavaScript)

Answer 20

Immediately responds to user action
Quick execution as no communication with server
Reduces load on server
Increases security for user as no chance for data interception

Question 21

Disadvantages of client processing (JavaScript)

Answer 21

Not all browsers support all scripts
Dependent on performance of client’s machine
Different browsers process scripts differently

Question 22

API

Answer 22

Application Programming Interface

Question 23

API description

Answer 23

A set of rules and protocols that allows software applications to communicate with each other and exchange data features and functionality

Question 24

Server side processing needs

Answer 24

Provide another layer of validation to user input
Display pages
Structure web applications
Interact with databases
Client side can be easily circumvented
Sensitive data
Way of processing is a company secret

Question 25

HTML uses

Answer 25

Defines the content and layout of a web page

Question 26

CSS use

Answer 26

Aesthetics of the page and assets

Question 27

JavaScript

Answer 27

Used to add interactivity to a webpage and for client side processing

Question 28

Linking a CSS file to a file

Answer 28

< link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="filename.css"/>

Question 29

Tag used to create sections of a webpage

Question 30

Identifiers (id="x" in opening tag)

Answer 30

#

Question 31

Classes (class="x" in opening tag)

Answer 31

.

Question 32

Form entry example

Answer 32

Name:

Question 33

Button example

Question 34

JS variable syntax

Answer 34

var x = document.getElementById("box");

Question 35

Changing appearance in JS

Answer 35

x.style.color = "#000000";

Question 36

JS writing to document

Answer 36

document.write("Hello World");

Question 37

JS alert box

Answer 37

alert("Hello World");

Question 38

CSS properties (9)

Answer 38

color background-color border-color border-style border-width font-family font-size height width

Question 39

CSS inline styling

Question 40

CSS stylesheet styling

Answer 40

h1{ color:blue; height:10px; }