Which common atoms makeup necessary molecules for life? (6)
- carbon
- oxygen
- hydrogen
- nitrogen
- phosphorus
- sulfur
What are hydrocarbons? Where are they commonly found?
- molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms
- found in many fuels (ex. Methane(1 carbons), Ethane(2 carbons), Propane(3 carbons)
What is the root name for molecules with 1 carbon?
“Meth-“
What is the root name for molecules with 2 carbons?
“Eth-“
What is the root name for molecules with 3 carbons?
“Prop-“
What is the root name for molecules with 4 carbon?
“But-“
What is the root name for molecules with 5 carbons?
“Pent-“
What is the root name for molecules with 6 carbons?
“Hex-“
What is the root name for molecules with 7 carbons?
“Hept-“
What is the root name for molecules with 8 carbons?
“Oct-“
What does it mean if the molecule ends with ”ane”?
Single bonds between all carbons within the molecule
What does it mean if the molecule ends with ”ene”?
There is at least one double bond between the carbons in the molecule.
What does it mean if the molecule ends with ”yne”?
There is at least one triple bond between carbons in the molecule.
What are functional groups?
They are groups of atoms that attach to hydrocarbons.
Name 7 functional groups
- Hydroxyl
- Carbonyl
- Carboxyl
- Amide
- Amino
- Phosphate
- Sulfhydryl
What is Hydroxyl? Polar/Non-polar?
(Draw)
“x-OH”
- It is a functional group
- it is an alcohol
- polar
What is Carbonyl? Polar/Non-polar?
(Draw)
- It is a functional group
- it is polar
What is Carboxyl? Polar/Non-polar?
(Draw)
- It’s a functional group
- it’s polar
- it’s acidic
What is Amide? Polar/Non-polar?
(Draw)
- it’s a functional group
- it’s polar
- It’s alkaline
What is an Amino? Polar/Non-polar?
(Draw)
- it’s a functional group
- it’s polar
- it’s alkaline
What is Sulfhydryl? Polar/Non-polar?
(Draw)
- it’s a functional group
- it’s polar
What is Phosphate? Polar/Non-polar?
(Draw)
- it’s a functional group
- it’s polar
- its acidic
Draw the stucture of the following order: alcohol, ketone (carbonyl), aldehyde, ester, carboxylic acid, ether….amide, amine
-ol, -one, -al, -oate, -oic acid, -oxy, -amide, -amine
