1.4 Kingdoms

Question 1

Define Kingdom

Answer 1

One of the major groups into which all organisms are classified

Question 2

What are the five kingdoms?

Answer 2

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Monera (Prokaryote)

Question 3

Define prokaryote

Answer 3

An organism whose cell doesn’t have a nucleus

Question 4

Define Protoctist

Answer 4

A single-celled organism, or one with several very similar cells

Question 5

What are the microscopic threads, made of cells linked in a chain, that form the body of a fungus called?

Answer 5

Hyphae (singular: hypha)

Question 6

What are the small groups of cells that have protective wall and play a role in reproduction called?

Answer 6

Spores

Question 7

What are the main features that are used to classify organisms into their kingdoms?

Answer 7

Mode of Nutrition, Cell structure, Mobility, Growth Pattern

Question 8

What are some features that are unique to Protoctists?

Answer 8

Potoctists contain heterotrophs, autotrophs, and mixotrophs, in addition to a mixed collection of organisms

Question 9

What are the characteristic features of animals

Answer 9

Their cells have a nucleus and no cell walls or chloroplasts
They feed on organic substances made by other organisms

Question 10

What are the characteristic features of plants

Answer 10

• they photosynthesise
• they have chlorophyll, chloroplasts, and a cell wall made of cellulose
• they may have structures like roots, stems, and leaves

Question 11

What are the characteristic features of amphibians

Answer 11

• skin but no scales
• eggs have no shells, laid in water
• adults have lungs, tadpoles have gills

Question 12

What are the characteristic features of reptiles

Answer 12

• scaly skin
• soft-shelled eggs

Question 13

What are the characteristic features of birds

Answer 13

• feathers
• some have scales
• lay hard-shelled eggs
• front two limbs are wings
• have beaks

Question 14

What are the characteristic features of mammals, and their unique structures

Answer 14

Unique structures:
- Females have a placenta and uterus
- they have mammary glands and diaphragm
Characteristic features:
- hair on skin
- pinna
- different kinds of teeth
- sweat glands

Question 15

What are the characteristic features of all the groups within arthropods

Answer 15

Insects:
- one pair of antennae
- one pair of wings
- clearly visible head, thorax, and abdomen
- compound eyes
Crustaceans:
- more than four pair of jointed legs
- gills
- two pairs of antennae
Arachnids:
- no antennae
- four pairs of jointed legs
- have cephalothorax and abdomen
Myriapods:
- many similar body segments, each with jointed legs
- one pair of antennae

Question 16

What are the differences between ferns and angiosperms

Answer 16

Ferns reproduce by spores and don’t produce flowers
Angiosperms reproduce with flowers and seeds, and their seeds are produced inside an ovary in the flower

Question 17

What are the characteristic features of monocots and dicots

Answer 17

Monocots:
- flower parts in multiples of three
- one cotyledon
- leaves have parallel veins
Dicots:
- flower parts in multiples of four or five
- seeds with two cotyledons
- network of veins