Which energy system is considered aerobic?
The oxidative system
Which energy systems primarily derive energy from carbohydrates?
The phosphagen and glycolytic energy systems
During prolonged submaximal exercise, which substrates does the oxidative system shift toward?
Proteins and fats
For what type of activities is the oxidative system dominant?
Low-intensity activities lasting longer than three minutes
How do energy systems provide energy during activity?
The body shifts between energy systems on a moment-to-moment basis
What training principle describes how energy systems respond to training?
The principle of specificity
What is the primary source of ATP at rest?
The oxidative system
Which substrates does the oxidative system primarily use?
Carbohydrates and fats
When does protein significantly contribute to total energy production?
During long-term starvation and long bouts (>90 minutes) of exercise
At rest, what percentage of ATP is derived from fats?
About 70%
At rest, what percentage of ATP is derived from carbohydrates?
About 30%
As exercise intensity increases, what happens to substrate preference?
It shifts from fats to carbohydrates
During high-intensity aerobic exercise, most energy is derived from what substrate?
Carbohydrates
During prolonged steady-state submaximal exercise, what substrate shift occurs?
From carbohydrates back to fats and a very small amount of protein
Where does aerobic ATP production occur?
Inside the mitochondria
Which two metabolic pathways cooperate in aerobic ATP production?
The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain
What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle?
To complete oxidation of acetyl-CoA and generate NADH and FADH₂
Why is electron removal important in the Krebs cycle?
The electrons contain potential energy used to reform ATP in the electron transport chain
Does oxygen participate directly in the Krebs cycle?
No
What role does oxygen play in aerobic metabolism?
It is the final electron and hydrogen acceptor in the electron transport chain
What is aerobic ATP production called?
Oxidative phosphorylation
What molecule enters the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl-CoA
What energy carriers are produced by the Krebs cycle?
NADH and FADH₂
How many times does the Krebs cycle run per glucose molecule?
Twice
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1.1 Intro to Therapeutic Intervention27
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1.2 Bioenergetics and ATP36
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1.3 Glycolysis40
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1.4 Oxidative System52
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1.5 Energy Capacity48
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1.6 Review of Inflammation and Tissue Healing73
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2.1 Youth Exercise39
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2.2 Older Adult Exercise37
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2.3 Sex Differences with Exercise30
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2.4 Endocrine Responses to Exercise26
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2.5 Neuromuscular Response to Exercise44
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2.6 NMS Response to Aerobic Training42
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2.7 NMS Response to Resistence Training40
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2.8 CVS Response to Exercise40
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2.9 Intro to Pain50
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2.10 Intro to Pain Mechanisms and Theories34
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2.11 Intro to Pain Assessment42
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2.12 Intro to Pain Questionnaires48
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2.13 ROM40
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3.1 Foundations of Resistence Training22
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3.2 Resistance Exercise Dosing38
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3.3 Modifying and Progressing Resistance Training35
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3.4 Adaptations and Clinical Relevance40
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4.1 Tissue Healing and Timelines50
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4.2 Stretching and Flexibility58
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4.3 Cardiorespiratory Fitness Guidelines39
