14.3 SEM

Question 1

List the 6 sociocultural factors that effect physical activity levels

Answer 1

Family, Peers, Community, Gender, Socio-economic status, Cultural beliefs and tradition.

Question 2

List the 4 levels of the SEM

Answer 2

Individual level, Social Environment, Physical Environment, Policy Level

Question 3

Define the Individual level of the SEM

Answer 3

Innermost level, demographic and personal factors that influence participation in physical activity.

Question 4

List two factors and examples of these factors for the Individual level.

Answer 4

Psychological factors (examples of this factor are: attitudes, beliefs, self-efficacy, preferences, likes and dislikes)

Behavioural factors (knowledge, skills and dietary and sedentary behaviour habits)

Demographic characteristics (age, gender, level of education, marital status and SES

Question 5

Define the Social Environment of the SEM

Answer 5

Relationship, social and cultural factors that influence participation in physical activity.

Question 6

List two factors and examples of these factors for the Social Environment

Answer 6

• Culture / Social traditions (eg Muslims wearing burka’s, family kicking footy on Sundays)
• Stereotypes/role expectations (eg males playing sport and women watching)
• Patterns of behaviours within social groups of peers, friends, family and partners (eg.pet ownership, sibling physical activity)
• Personal and professional social support (eg a friend to go to the gym with, parents, siblings, spouse, doctors, coaches, teachers) and social isolation

Question 7

List an example of an intervention strategy that could be used to address the Social Environment

Answer 7

-Change the culture (eg. physical activity as an opportunity not an inconvenience)
- Modify traditions that discourage physical activity (eg. females having dress codes that restrict physical activity)
- Get social support

Question 8

Define the Physical Environment of the SEM

Answer 8

Natural and built factors that influence participation in physical activity, includes removing impediments (eg. traffic) and introducing new resources and facilities.

Question 9

List two factors and examples of these factors for the Physical Environment

Answer 9

• Access to facilities / connected to the community (accessible via footpaths, bike tracks, bus stops, roads and car parking)
• Safety – lights, speed of traffic around entrance/building, security/support
• Perceived beauty / aesthetics / attractiveness of facility and surrounds – nice place, trees rather than concrete.
• Natural environmental factors (geographic location, climate and weather)
• Built environmental factors (housing density, land use, public transport and destinations)

Question 10

List an example of an intervention strategy that could be used to address the Physical Environment

Answer 10

• Change rooms and showers
• Sporting facilities, eg oval, basketball court, weights rooms.
• Sporting equipment, eg balls, skipping ropes etc.

Question 11

Define the Policy level of the SEM

Answer 11

Broadest level that can affect all other levels. Laws, regulatory policies, procedures and rules that protect the health of the community

Question 12

List two factors and examples of these factors for the Policy level

Answer 12

• Urban planning policies (green spaces in built environments, community centres need to have foot paths and tracks to them
• Transport, - local government has developed strategies to make transport options accessible to facility
• Access - Local community groups/schools can use the facility at a subsidised rate.
• Active transport policies (bike lockers at train stations, bike paths, walking tracks)
• Education mandates (compulsory PE until Year 10)
• Physical activity recommendations (NPAG’s)
• Workplace procedures (minimum standards of health and fitness, eg police force)
• School rules (compulsory after school sport)
• Workplace legislation to protect the health of employees (enforced activity breaks every 2 hrs)

Question 13

List an example of an intervention strategy that could be used to address the Policy level

Answer 13

• Incentives (eg. giving employers money back for not using their parking space, subsidising gym memberships)
• Making changes to the structure of the day (eg. fitness for 20mins at the start every school day, extended lunch breaks to allow staff to be active)
• Creating links/partnerships with health enhancing organisations (eg. local gyms)

Question 14

List an example of an intervention strategy that could be used to address the individual level

Answer 14

Educational programs, eg learning skills or being provided with knowledge.

Incentives directed at individuals (eg. Awards for meeting goals)

Counselling (eg. Personal trainer)