15-30

Question 1

Atmospheric pressure is the pressure of __________ in the environment.

Answer 1

air

Question 2

At sea level, atmospheric pressure is __________ mmH

Answer 2

760

Question 3

As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure _____

Answer 3

Decreases

Question 4

Atmospheric pressure does __________ change during normal breathing.

Answer 4

NOT

Question 5

Intrapulmonary pressure is the pressure in the __________.

Answer 5

alveoli

Question 6

Intrapulmonary pressure represents the collective ______in all alveoli.

Answer 6

pressure

Question 7

Intrapleural pressure is the pressure in the __________ cavity.

Answer 7

pleural

Question 8

Intrapleural pressure __________ with breathing.

Answer 8

fluctuates

Question 9

Intrapleural pressure is __________ than intrapulmonary pressure.

Answer 9

lower

Question 10

Intrapleural pressure is about __________ mmHg lower than intrapulmonary pressure between breaths.

Answer 10

4

Question 11

Pneumothorax is the presence of __________ in the pleural cavity.

Answer 11

air

Question 12

Hemopneumothorax is the presence of __________ in the pleural cavity.

Answer 12

blood

Question 13

Before inhalation, intrapulmonary pressure is equal to __________ pressure (760 mmHg)

Answer 13

atmospheric

Question 14

quiet inspiration 1. diaphragm and external intercostals __________ during quiet inspiration

Answer 14

contract

Question 15

2. As thoracic volume ______, lung (alveolar) volume __________

Answer 15

increases ; increases

Question 16

3. Intrapleural pressure _________ & Intrapulmonary pressure __________ (to about 759 mmHg)

Answer 16

decreases ; decreases

Question 17

. Air moves from __________ pressure to __________ pressure

Answer 17

👉 760 mmHg → 759 mmHg (high → low)

Question 18

quiet expiration : Initially, intrapulmonary pressure is equal to __________ pressure

Answer 18

atmospheric (760 mmHg)

Question 19

1. Diaphragm and external intercostals __________

Answer 19

relax

Question 20

2. Thoracic cavity volume _______ which decreases _____ and lungs recoil _____

Answer 20

decreases ; pleural ; inward

Question 21

3. Pleural cavity volume ________

Answer 21

decreases

Question 22

4. Intrapleural pressure ______ ; intrapulmonary pressure ______

Answer 22

increases ; increases

Question 23

5. Air moves from __________ pressure to __________ pressure

Answer 23

761 or 771mmHg → 760 mmHg (high → low)

Question 24

Autonomic nuclei in respiratory center of the __________

Answer 24

brainstem

Question 25

The brainstem includes the __________ and the __________

Answer 25

medulla oblongata ; pons

Question 26

The __________ respiratory group (VRG) is located in the __________

Answer 26

ventral ; medulla

Question 27

The VRG is responsible for generating the basic __________ of breathing and sets the normal resting respiratory rate of about __________ breaths per minute

Answer 27

rhythm ; 12-15

Question 28

The __________ respiratory group (DRG) is also located in the __________ and __________ the breathing pattern set by the VRG

Answer 28

dorsal ; medulla/ modifies

Question 29

The pontine respiratory center is located in the __________

Answer 29

pons

Question 30

The pontine respiratory center helps __________ the transition between inspiration and expiration

Answer 30

smooth

Question 31

central chemoreceptors are located in the __________

Answer 31

medulla

Question 32

Central chemoreceptors monitor __________ concentration in __________

Answer 32

H⁺ ; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 33

Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in __________ levels in the blood

Answer 33

CO2

Question 34

peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the __________ and __________

Answer 34

aortic arch ; common carotid arteries

Question 35

Peripheral chemoreceptors detect changes in __________ or __________ in arterial blood

Answer 35

H⁺ ; PCO₂

Question 36

physiology of quiet inspiration : The __________ inspiratory neurons initiate action potentials (APs)

Answer 36

VRG

Question 37

These signals are sent to __________ muscles

Answer 37

inspiratory

Question 38

1. The __________ and __________ contract

Answer 38

diaphragm , : external

Question 39

2. Contraction of these muscles causes the __________ of the thoracic cavity to increase

Answer 39

volume

Question 40

As thoracic cavity volume increases, thoracic pressure

Answer 40

decreases

Question 41

A decrease in pressure causes air to flow __________ the lungs

Answer 41

in

Question 42

During quiet expiration, the __________ is inhibited

Answer 42

VRG

Question 43

There are no __________ (APs) sent to the diaphragm and external intercostals. As a result, the __________ muscles relax

Answer 43

action potential ; inspiratory

Question 44

As thoracic cavity size decreases, pressure in the thoracic cavity _________

Answer 44

increases

Question 45

Increased pressure causes air to flow __________ the lungs

Answer 45

out