differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors (DRA)
a behavioral procedure used to increase the frequency of a desirable behavior and to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors.
2 types: DRI (incompatible) and DRC (communication)
a behavioral procedure used to increase the frequency of a desirable behavior and to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors.
DRA
differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
reinforce in the absence of the problem behavior
set time interval for the behavior to not occur
reinforce in the absence of the problem behavior
set time interval for the behavior to not occur
DRO
differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL)
reinforces on a lower rate of responding during a period of time
full-session (fewer than x responses)
Spaced responding (response occurs after an interval of time since the last response)
interval (breaking session into intervals)
What are the behavioral principles involved in differential reinforcement?
reinforcement and extinction
What are the steps involved for implementing DRA procedures?
define the desirable behavior define the undesirable behavior identify the reinforcer reinforce the desirable behavior eliminate undesirable behavior use intermittent to maintain generalize
What are the steps involved for implementing DRO procedures?
- Identify the reinforcer for the problem behavior
- Identify the reinforcer to use in the DRO procedure
- Choose the initial DRO time interval
- Eliminate the reinforcer for the problem behavior and deliver the reinforcer for the absence of the problem behavior
- Reset the interval if the problem behavior occurs
- Gradually increase the interval length
What are the steps involved for implementing DRL procedures?
- is it appropriate to use
- determine the acceptable level of behavior
- decide on full-session or spaced-responding
- inform the client on the procedure
- give client feedback on the procedure
What are the methods for identifying reinforcers for differential reinforcement?
You can ask people their preferences for various potentially reinforcing events. You can observe what activities or objects people choose when given choices. You can experimentally manipulate potential reinforcers to observe which ones increase the behaviors that they follow
What schedule of reinforcement is most effective to start with in DRA?
intermittent to generalize
