1.5 classifying animals

Question 1

what are the names of phylums in the kingdom of animals?

Answer 1

arthropods; nematodes; annelids; molluscs; vertebrates

Question 2

what are the classes in the phylum vertebrates?

Answer 2

fish; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals

Question 3

characteristics of fishes

Answer 3

• scaly skin/scale
• have fins
• have gills for gas exchange
• eyes and lateral line
• jelly-covered eggs; usually use external fertilisation
• ectothermic

Question 4

characteristics of amphibians

Answer 4

• moist skin
• always breed in water
• four limbs
• jelly-covered eggs; usually use external fertilisation
• ectothermic
• lungs/skin for gas exchange

Question 5

characteristics of reptiles

Answer 5

• scaly skin
• eggs with rubbery shell; laid on land
• soft-shelled eggs; internal fertilisation
• ectothermic
• lungs for gas exchange

Question 6

characteristics of birds

Answer 6

• feathers; scale on legs
• forelimbs have become wings
• endothermic
• have a beak
• heart has four chambers (like humans)
• hard-shelled eggs; internal fertilisation
• lungs for gas exchange

Question 7

characteristics of mammals

Answer 7

• fur/hair
• have nipples
• have a placenta
• young feed on milk from mammary glands
• endothermic
• have a diaphragm
• heart has four chambers
• have different types of teeth

Question 8

what are the classes in the phylum arthropods?

Answer 8

insects; crustaceans; arachnids; myriapods

Question 9

characteristics of arthropods

Answer 9

• jointed limbs
• no backbone
• waterproof exoskeleton

Question 10

characteristics of insects

Answer 10

• exoskeletons and tracheae are good at stopping water from evaporating from their body; helps them live in dry places
• terrestrial (land-living)
• three body parts: head, thorax and abdomen
• three pairs of legs
• breathe through tracheae
• two pairs of wings (one of both may be vestigial)

Question 11

characteristics of crustaceans

Answer 11

• breathe through gills
• most live in wet places and are aquatic
• <4 pairs of jointed legs
• many segments, usually each with legs, claws or feelers
• exoskeleton particularly hard; for protection

Question 12

characteristics of arachnids

Answer 12

• two body parts; eight legs; no wings
• four pairs of jointed legs
• breathe through gills called book lungs
• piercing jaws–predators

Question 13

characteristics of myriapods

Answer 13

• long, thin body
• many segments–for moving easily through soil and leaf litter
• antennae as sense organs in dark habitats
• each segment has jointed legs

Question 14

what are the types of flowering plants?

Answer 14

monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants

Question 15

characteristics of ferns

Answer 15

• contains roots, stems and leaves
• leaves called fronds (no exact leaf shape)
• do not produce flowers
• reproduce by means of spores produced on the underside of fronds
• easy to grow–do not require much soil

Question 16

characteristics of monocotyledonous plants

Answer 16

• only one ‘seed leaf’ (cotyledon)
• long strap-shaped thin leaves
• parallel veins
• have a branching root system

Question 17

characteristics of dicotyledonous plants

Answer 17

• two ‘seed leaf’ (cotyledon)
• broad leaves
• network of branching veins
• have a tap root system