16 A

Question 1

the artificial teeth of a partial fixed dental prosthesis (FPD) that replace missing natural teeth, restoring function and appearance

Answer 1

PONTIC

Question 2

incorporate mechanical principles for strength and longevity, as
well as esthetic principles

Answer 2

PONTIC

Question 3

→ meets hygienic requirements and prevent irritation of the residual ridge
→ particular attention to form and shape of the gingival surface
→ facilitate plaque control
→ adjust to existing occlusal condition

Answer 3

PONTIC DESIGN

Question 4

FDP is to prevent tilting or drifting of the adjacent teeth into the edentulous space

Answer 4

PONTIC SPACE

Question 5

→ if orthodontic repositioning is not possible, contours of adjacent teeth may be better than making an FPD with undersized pontics
orthodontic repositioning is not possible, increasing proximal
→ careful diagnostic waxing procedures help determine the most appropriate treatment

Answer 5

PONTIC SPACE

Question 6

ridge has a smooth, regular surface of attached gingiva which facilitates maintenance of a plaque-free environment

Answer 6

RESIDUAL RIDGE CONTOUR

Question 7

its height and width should allow placement of a pontic that appears to emerge from the ridge and mimics the appearance of the neighboring teeth

Answer 7

RESIDUAL RIDGE CONTOUR

Question 8

→ it must be free of frenum attachment and be of adequate facial height
→ design a pontic that meets hygienic requirements and prevents irritation of the residual ridge

Answer 8

RESIDUAL RIDGE CONTOUR

Question 9

(“black triangles” → food impaction) and percolation of saliva during speech

Answer 9

RESIDUAL RIDGE CONTOUR

Question 10

→ resorption occurs at the buccal plate resulting horizontal defect
→ 0.3 to 5 mm at 6 months after extraction

Answer 10

GINGIVAL ARCHITECTURE PRESERVATION

Question 11

→ 50% of the width of alveolar ridge is lost at 12 months
→ the alveolar process can be preserved through immediate
restorative and periodontal intervention at the time of tooth
removal

Answer 11

GINGIVAL ARCHITECTURE PRESERVATION

Question 12

by conditioning the extraction site and providing a matrix for
healing

Answer 12

GINGIVAL ARCHITECTURE PRESERVATION

Question 13

→ preserving the facial plate of bone; if bone levels are compromised before or during extraction, the sockets can be grafted with an allograft material (hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, or freeze-dried bone)
→ immediately after preparation of the extraction site, a carefully shaped interim FDP is placed
→ orthodontic extrusion and root submergence

Answer 13

GINGIVAL ARCHITECTURE PRESERVATION

Question 14

soft tissue procedure

→ Siebert classified residual ridge deformities into three
categories:

Answer 14

SURGICAL MODIFICATION

Question 15

faciolingual loss of tissue width with normal ridge height’s

Answer 15

Class I Defects

Question 16

loss of ridge height with normal ridge width

Answer 16

Class II Defects

Question 17

a combination of loss in both dimensions involved

Answer 17

Class III Defects

Question 18

→ not aesthetically challenging
→ surgical augmentation of ridge width is uncommon

Answer 18

CLASS I DEFECTS

Question 19

→ roll technique tissue augmentation
→ the epithelium is removed and the tissue is thinned and rolled
back upon itself

Answer 19

CLASS I DEFECTS

Question 20

a wedge-shaped connective tissue graft is inserted into a pouch preparation on the facial aspect of the residual ridge

Answer 20

INTERPOSITIONAL GRAFT

Question 21

→ a thick “free gingival graft” harvested from partial or full thickness palatal donor sites
→ designed to increase ridge height but also contributes to ridge width

Answer 21

ONLAY GRAFT

Question 22

striation cuts are made in connective tissue to encourage revascularization

Answer 22

ONLAY GRAFT

Question 23

→ ridge-lap
→ modified ridge-lap
→ ovate
→ conical

Answer 23

Mucosal Contact

Question 24

→ sanitary (hygienic)
→ modified sanitary
(hygienic)

Answer 24

No Mucosal Contact

Question 25

→ easy cleaning because its tissue surface remains clear of the residual ridge → disadvantages include entrapment of food particles, which may lead to tongue habits that annoy the patient

Answer 25

Sanitary or Hygienic Pontic

Question 26

concave fitting surface that overlaps the residual ridge buccolingually

Answer 26

Saddle and Ridge-Lap Pontic

Question 27

should be avoided because the concave gingival surface of the pontic is not accessible to cleaning with dental floss, which leads to plaque accumulation

Answer 27

Saddle and Ridge-Lap Pontic

Question 28

→ combines the best features of hygienic and saddle pontic designs, combining esthetics with easy cleaning → pontic overlaps the residual ridge on the facial side but clears the ridge on the lingual side

Answer 28

Modified Ridge-Lap Pontic

Question 29

egg-shaped, bullet-shaped, or heart-shaped

Answer 29

Conical Pontic

Question 30

→ easy for the patient to keep clean → recommended for the replacement of mandibular posterior teeth, for which esthetic appearance is a lesser concern

Answer 30

Conical Pontic

Question 31

only one point of contact: at the center of the residual ridge

Answer 31

Conical Pontic

Question 32

→ its convex tissue surface resides in a soft tissue depression or hollow in the residual ridge, which makes it appear that a tooth is literally emerging from the gingiva

Answer 32

Ovate Pontic

Question 33

→ socket-preservation techniques should be performed at the time of extraction to create the tissue recess from which the ovate pontic form will appear to emerge → a socket depression is sculpted into the ridge with surgical diamonds, electrosurgery, or a dental laser

Answer 33

Ovate Pontic

Question 34

→ socket-preservation techniques should be performed at the time of extraction to create the tissue recess from which the ovate pontic form will appear to emerge → a socket depression is sculpted into the ridge with surgical diamonds, electrosurgery, or a dental laser

Answer 34

Ovate Pontic

Question 35

→ pontic possesses an ovate form with the apex positioned more facially on the residual ridge, rather than at the crest of the ridge → cleansing of this pontic is also purported to be easiest of all pontic types

Answer 35

Modified Ovate Pontic

Question 36

→ pressure-free contact between the pontic and the underlying tissues → passive contact should occur exclusively on keratinized attached tissue

Answer 36

Ridge Contact

Question 37

→ should provide good esthetic results → biocompatibility, rigidity, and strength to withstand occlusal forces and longevity

Answer 37

PONTIC MATERIAL

Question 38

→ glazed porcelain is generally considered the most biocompatible of the available pontic materials → highly polished surfaces accumulate plaque if oral hygiene measures are ignored → well-polished gold is smoother, less prone to corrosion, and less retentive of plaque than is an unpolished or porous casting

Answer 38

PONTIC MATERIAL

Question 39

T or f the buccal and lingual width of the pontic reduced by 30% to lessen occlusal force only when food of uniform consistency is chewed

Answer 39

T

Question 40

T or f harmful forces are more likely to be encountered if an FDP is loaded by the accidental biting on a hard object or by parafunctional activities such as bruxism, rather than by chewing of foods

Answer 40

T

Question 41

T or f narrowing the occlusal surface may actually impede or even preclude the development of a harmonious and stable occlusal relationship

Answer 41

T

Question 42

→ strong, easy to keep clean, looks natural → uniform veneer of porcelain (approximately 1.2 mm) → voids at the porcelain-metal interface will reduce bond strength and increase the possibility of mechanical failure → sharp angles on the veneering area should be rounded → occlusal centric contacts must be placed at least 1.5 mm away from the junction

Answer 42

METAL-CERAMIC PONTICS

Question 43

→ acceptable only as longer-term interim restorations → their resistance to abrasion was lower than that of enamel or porcelain and noticeable wear occurred with normal toothbrushing

Answer 43

RESIN-VENEERED PONTICS

Question 44

→ no chemical bond existed between the resin and the metal framework and so the resin was retained by mechanical means → easy to manipulate and repair and do not require the high-melting range alloys → new-generation indirect resins have a higher density of inorganic ceramic filler

Answer 44

RESIN-VENEERED PONTICS

Question 45

→ can be used in partial FPDs without a metal substructure → a substructure matrix of impregnated glass or polymer fiber provides structural strength → excellent marginal adaptation and esthetics → long-term clinical performance is not yet known

Answer 45

FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE RESIN PONTICS

Question 46

the modified ridge-lap pontic is recommended for most anterior situations; it compensates for lost buccolingual width in the residual ridge by overlapping what remains → sometimes the ridge tissue must be surgically reshaped to enhance the result

Answer 46

GINGIVAL INTERFACE

Question 47

→ duplicating the original tooth is not possible → ridge resorption makes such a pontic look too long in the cervical region → shape the pontic to simulate a normal crown and root with emphasis on the cementoenamel junction → the root can be stained to simulate exposed dentin → use pink porcelain to simulate the gingival tissues

Answer 47

INCISOGINGIVAL LENGTH

Question 48

→ space available for a pontic is greater or smaller than the width of the contralateral tooth → if possible, such a discrepancy should be corrected by orthodontic treatment → an acceptable appearance may be obtained by incorporating visual perception principles into the pontic design

Answer 48

MESIODISTAL WIDTH

Question 49

→ a pontic of abnormal size may be designed to give the illusion of being a more natural size → alteration in the shape of the proximal areas → retainers and the pontics can be proportioned to minimize the discrepancy

Answer 49

MESIODISTAL WIDTH

Question 50

→ allows for easy plaque removal and has good strength, wear resistance, and esthetics → the metal framework for the pontic and one or both of its retainers is then cast in one piece

Answer 50

METAL-CERAMIC PONTICS

Question 51

→ wax pattern is made to the final anatomic contour → to assess connector design adequacy and the relationship between the connectors and the proposed configuration of the ceramic veneer

Answer 51

ANATOMIC CONTOUR WAXING