16 Waves

Question 1

disturbance that transfers energy through repeated motion WITHOUT transferring matter

Answer 1

waves

Question 2

repeated back-and-forth motion around a fixed point

Answer 2

oscillation

Question 3

sudden disturbance; only one/few waves generated

Answer 3

pulse wave

Question 4

repeats same oscillation for multiple cycles

Answer 4

periodic wave/wave train

Question 5

wave which requires medium to propagate

Answer 5

mechanical wave

Question 6

wave which can travel through a vacuum

Answer 6

electromagnetic wave

Question 7

can electromagnetic waves travel in mediums?

Answer 7

yes, but they travel faster in a vacuum

Question 8

particle movement is perpendicular to wave propagation

Answer 8

transverse wave

Question 9

particle movement is parallel to wave propagation

Answer 9

longitudinal wave

Question 10

region where particles are close together; high pressure & high density

Answer 10

compression

Question 11

region where particles are far apart; low pressure & low density

Answer 11

rarefactions

Question 12

compressions and rarefactions can be found in what type of wave?

Answer 12

longitudinal wave

Question 13

region; maximum displacement in positive y direction (high point)

Answer 13

crest

Question 14

region; maximum displacement in negative y direction (low point)

Answer 14

trough

Question 15

max displacement from equilibrium position

Answer 15

amplitude

Question 16

how strong disturbance is

Answer 16

amplitude

Question 17

how to find amplitude in transverse waves?

Answer 17

displacement from equilibrium

Question 18

how to find amplitude in longitudinal waves?

Answer 18

maximum compression/expansion from equilibrium

Question 19

distance between two consecutive points that are in same phase of motion (one cycle)

Answer 19

wavelength (λ)

Question 20

unit of distance is used

Answer 20

wavelength (λ)

Question 21

how to find λ in transverse wave?

Answer 21

distance between crest to crest or trough to trough (one cycle)

Question 22

how to find λ in longitudinal wave?

Answer 22

distance between compression to compression or rarefaction to rarefaction (one cycle)

Question 23

time required for one complete oscillation

Answer 23

period

Question 24

unit of time is used

Answer 24

period (seconds/cycle)

Question 25

how to find period in transverse wave?

Answer 25

one crest to next

Question 26

how to find period in longitudinal wave?

Answer 26

one compression to next

Question 27

number of complete oscillations per second

Answer 27

frequency

Question 28

unit for frequency

Answer 28

Hertz (Hz)

Question 29

formula for frequency

Answer 29

f = 1/T *T = period

Question 30

how to find frequency in transverse wave?

Answer 30

how many cycles will pass a point in one second (ref. is crest/trough)

Question 31

how to find frequency in longitudinal wave?

Answer 31

how many cycles will pass a point in one second (ref. is compression/rarefaction)

Question 32

how fast a wave is

Answer 32

wave speed

Question 33

formula for wave speed

Answer 33

v = distance/time OR v = λ/T OR v = λf

Question 34

speed of a wave in different mediums

Answer 34

solid -- fastest liquid -- slower gas -- slowest

Question 35

how do more elastic (stretchy/returning) mediums affect wave speed?

Answer 35

faster

Question 36

how do more dense (heavier particles) mediums affect wave speed?

Answer 36

slower *IF ELASTICITY IS THE SAME

Question 37

how does more tension affect wave speed? (in strings and ropes)

Answer 37

faster

Question 38

how does temperature affect wave speed?

Answer 38

warmer --> faster particles --> faster waves colder --> slower particles --> slower waves

Question 39

bouncing back of wave when it strikes a boundary

Answer 39

reflection

Question 40

what happens to frequency during reflection

Answer 40

stays the same

Question 41

what happens to wave speed during reflection

Answer 41

stays the same

Question 42

what happens to direction during reflection

Answer 42

changes

Question 43

what happens to amplitude during reflection

Answer 43

may decrease due to energy loss

Question 44

reflected sound; heard separately

Answer 44

echo

Question 45

persistence of sound; multiple reflections

Answer 45

reverberation

Question 46

wave crosses boundary, enters new medium

Answer 46

refraction

Question 47

what happens to wave speed during refraction?

Answer 47

changes

Question 48

what happens to wavelength during refraction?

Answer 48

changes

Question 49

what happens to frequency during refraction?

Answer 49

stays the same (constant)

Question 50

what happens to direction during refraction?

Answer 50

changes (bending)

Question 51

is apparent depth the same as real depth?

Answer 51

no, object may be deeper than it actually looks

Question 52

spreading/adjusting of wave as it passes thru opening/around an obstacle

Answer 52

diffraction

Question 53

most noticeable when opening size ≈ wavelength

Answer 53

diffraction

Question 54

what determines amt. of diffraction

Answer 54

wavelength

Question 55

how does a longer/shorter wavelength determine diffraction?

Answer 55

longer wavelength --> more bending ex. sound waves

Question 56

when waves overlap, resulting displacement is sum of individual displacements

Answer 56

superposition of waves

Question 57

pattern/effect produced by superposition

Answer 57

interference

Question 58

waves meet in phase, amplitudes add, larger resulting wave

Answer 58

constructive interference

Question 59

waves meet out of phase, amplitudes subtract, reduced/zero amplitude

Answer 59

destructive interference

Question 60

formed when two waves of the same frequency and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere; resultant wave from interference

Answer 60

standing wave

Question 61

no motion (standing waves); point where destructive waves meet

Answer 61

nodes

Question 62

maximum motion (standing waves); point where constructive waves meet

Answer 62

antinodes

Question 63

energy is confined to specific regions

Answer 63

standing wave