16.1

Question 1

What are population genetics?

Answer 1

The study of evolution from a genetic point of view.

Question 2

What is the smallest unit in which evolution occurs?

Answer 2

a population

Question 3

What is a phenotype?

Answer 3

An individuals observable trait such as eye colour, hair colour, etc.

Question 4

What is genotype?

Answer 4

An individuals collection of genes.

Question 5

What is an allele?

Answer 5

A varient form of a gene, i.e. for height, the alleles are short and tall

Question 6

What are the three main ways that variation in genotypes arise in? Explain each briefly.

Answer 6

1. Mutation- results from flawed copies of individual genes
2. Recombination of genes- the reassociation of genes in an individual who has two sets of genes, one from teh mom and one from the dad
3. Random fusion of gametes- the game of chance played bu individual reproductive cells. Out of the hundreds of millions sperm involved in mating, the one that actually fertilizes the egg is largely a matter of chance.

Question 7

What is a gene pool?

Answer 7

the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population, ususally of a particular species

Question 8

What is allele frequency?

Answer 8

the fraction, or frequency, of all chromosomes in the population that carry a specific allele

Question 9

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Genetic Equilibrium based on?

Answer 9

a set of assumptions about an ideal hypothetical population that is not evolving

Question 10

What are the five parts of the Hardy-Weinberg Genetic Equilibrium?

Answer 10

1. No net mutations occur. Allese frequencies do not change overall becasue of mutations.
2. Individuals neither enter nor leave the population.
3. The population is large.
4. Individuals mate randomly.
5. Selection does not occur.