ECW History > 1640-42 > Flashcards

1640-42 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did moderate MPs want?

A

To rebuild the relationship between Crown and Parliament through compromise - Charles stops Arminian innovations and Parliament continue funding

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2
Q

What did Charles and Laud want?

A

Extract supplies from Parliament before their grievances are considered

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3
Q

What was Laud and Charles’s planned bargaining chip going into negotiations?

A

An intercepted letter from The Scots to the French asking for help against England

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4
Q

What did Pym, Hampden and ‘The Godly Party’ want?

A

Make the King make concessions over religion, especially the reversal of the Laudian reforms

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5
Q

What did the Scots want?

A

For Parliament to extract concessions from Charles to help destroy Arminianism

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6
Q

What about Charles’s arrival to the HofC implied that he expected to finish business within a matter of days or weeks?

A

Didn’t hold a grand ceremony, arrived on a barge along the Thames

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7
Q

When did Charles arrive at the HofC?

A

November 1640

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8
Q

What misuse of Royal authority did Parliament accuse Charles of committing?

A

Un-Parliamentary taxation - ship tax and monopolies
Arbitrary Justice in the prerogative courts
“Countenancing of Popery” - Arminian reforms

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9
Q

How did Pym maintain fiscal pressure on Charles?

A

Urged the Scots to sit tight in Newcastle

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10
Q

What was the Triennial act?

A

Ensured Parliament had to be called at least every 3 years

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11
Q

When was the Triennial Act passed?

A

16th February 1641

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12
Q

Why were the ‘Triennial Act’ and the ‘Act of Attainder’ essential moments in the leadup to the civil war?

A

Showed Parliament that if they mounted enough pressure, they could pass almost anything

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13
Q

What was the Act of Attainder?

A

An ancient act which allowed Parliament to sentence people without evidence

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14
Q

When was the Act if Attainder utilised

A

10th May 1641

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15
Q

When was Strafford Executed?

A

12th May 1641

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16
Q

When was Strafford arrested?

A

11th November 1640

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17
Q

When was Laud arrested?

A

18th December 1640

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18
Q

Why did Parliament need to use the Act of Attainder?

A

To ensure that Strafford was impeached - it was looking unlikely that he would

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19
Q

Why did Charles sign the Act of Attainder?

A

The London Mob invaded the palace of Whitehall - Charles feared for the safety of the Royal Family

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20
Q

What was the Ashburnham plot?

A

A plot by a Privy Councilor (John Ashburnham) to free Strafford from the Tower of London - failed

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21
Q

What did the Earl of Bedford suggest to Charles that he should do to avert the growing crisis?

A

Give governmental positions to the leaders of the political opposition

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22
Q

What did Charles offer Pym on the 1st of January 1641?

A

The position of Chancellor of the Exchequer

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23
Q

When did Charles offer Pym the position of Chancellor of the Exchequer

A

1st January 1642

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24
Q

What was the Act against the Dissolution of this Parliament without its own Consent?

A

Ensured that Parliament would only be dissolved when it saw fit

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25
Why was Pym's strategy of applying lots of constant pressure to Charles a risky strategy?
He may not have taken the bait and fought back strongly, charging him with treason Charles may eventually get tired and snap
26
Why was Pym such a formidable opponent to Charles?
Had legal training and good oratory skills had a web of connections with other Puritan MPs and Lords Was able to manipulate the London Mob
27
Why was Parliamentary opposition split?
Different MPs disagreed on the extent of the charges they wished to make
28
What was The Grand Ramonstrance?
A complete list of over 200 grievances against Charles with some dating back to 1625
29
When was the Grand Remonstrance?
Passed 22nd Nov 1641 Presented before Charles formally 1st Dec 1641
30
Why did the Grand Remonstrance show the divide in Parliament?
The vote ended with 159 for, 148 against
31
Why did the Grand Remonstrance cause divisions in Parliament?
All of the evil council had already been removed - was now a direct attack on Charles - many moderates didn't want to go that far
32
What was the Militia Bill?
Meant that the army could only be run by parliament approved generals - Charles no longer controls the army Also stated that Government ministers must be approved by Parliament
33
When was the Militia Bill proposed?
7th December 1641
34
What factors caused the London Mob?
Decades of religious reform and counter reform Radicalisation due to Pamphlets, newsletters and petitions
35
What did the London Mob do?
Smashed up stained glass windows and ripped out altar rails Conducted demonstrations in support of various bills
36
What is a good example of the influence of the London Mob had over politics?
Their presence during the trial of Wentworth scared many lords so that not many attended, allowing the Act of Attainder to go through with Royal Assent
37
What was Strafford accused of?
Tyranny and plotting to utilise the Irish Army against Parliament
38
What was the root and branch petition?
Called for the abolishment of the episcopy. Didn't get passed
39
When was the Root and Branch petition presented to the House of Commons?
11th Dec 1640
40
How many signatures did the root and branch petition gain?
signed by 15,000 Londoners
41
Why was the Root and Branch Petition significant?
Showed the growing anti-Arminian feeling in London
42
Why did Puritans fear Henrietta Maria?
Thought that she was influencing Charles negatively
43
Why was Charles seen as being out of touch with his people?
Surrounded himself with riches and held regular masquerades, which could cost £4000 per night (£500k today)
44
Why did Puritans hate Charles's masquerades?
Saw them as disgusting, self-indulgent and vulgar - England's most respected women lewdly exposed themselves - seen as the work of the devil
45
What was the Grand Remonstrance mainly made up of?
Financial - against the Feudal methods of revenue Religious - against popery
46
When did the Irish rebellion begin?
October 1641
47
What was the Irish Rebellion a response to?
The Puritans killing Catholics in England
48
What was the Irish rebellion?
A rebellion by the indiginous Irish Catholics against colonial English Protestants
49
How did Pym take advantage of the situation in Ireland?
Used it to create a wave of anti-Catholic propaganda, warning of the uprising's potential to spread to England
50
Why did the King have a disadvantage in Parliament?
Most Royalist MPs were based in the Countryside and therefore didn't want to come to London due to the Plague
51
How did Charles attempt to gain some public approval in November 1641?
Paraded through London to show his love for his people - charming the commoners Ended at the Guild Hall in order to get the Lords on side
52
How did Pym respond to Charles's Parade through London?
Released some propaganda claiming that some of the Irish insurgents were acting on Charles's authority with forged documents to prove it - claiming invasion was immanent
53
How does Charles initially respond to the Grand Remonstrance?
Says he will make a response shortly and asks them not to publish it
54
How does Charles try to amend his lack of support in Parliament?
Sends a Royal Proclamation to every MP demanding that they attend Parliament on the 12th Jan 1642
55
How does Charles try to compensate for his lack of support in Parliament?
Utilises the Bishops in the House of Lords to veto Pym
56
How does Pym counter the Bishops in the House of Lords?
Mobilises the London Mob against the bishops by posting pamphlets saying "No Bishops, No Popish Lords"
57
How did Pym get Parliament to vote for the Publication of the grand Remonstrance?
Made a supporter read a long speech late at night, boring the Royalist MPs enough to make them leave, allowing it to go through 105 for, 83 against
58
When was the Grand Remonstrance published?
15th Dec 1641
59
How did Charles try to secure some military might in London?
Put Colonel Lonsford in control of the London Armoury
60
Why was Charles forced to sack Lonsford?
He was very unpopular - seen as violent and a suspected cannibal
61
How did people respond to Lonsford's appointment?
merchants began mass withdrawals of their gold and riots against him began on Christmas Day 1641
62
Who did Charles replace Lonsford with?
John Byron
63
How did the London Mob respond to Byron's appointment?
Started protesting against the Bishops in the House of Lords
64
How did the Bishops respond to the riots against them?
Became frightened to attend the house of Lords: Day 1- 12 attend, Day 2 - only 2
65
What happened when the Bishops arrived back at the House of Lords?
Demanded that all legislation passed without them should be void, but the Junto bounce back and impeach them on Dec 30 1641
66
What does Charles do on the 3rd Jan 1642?
Assembles a dossier of evidence that Pym and the Junto have been plotting to stifle his power and his downfall - calling for their impeachments and submits warrants for their arrests
67
When did Charles attempt to arrest the 5 members of the Junto?
4th January 1642
68
Why did the arrest of the 5 members fail?
H.M's Lady in waiting warned them that Charles was sending the army to arrest them in the HofC
69
What did the speaker say when Charles asked where the 5 members are?
"may it please your majesty, I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this place, but as the house is to direct me" - the Speaker "I see the birds have flown" - Charles
70
Why was the attempted arrest of the 5 members a key moment?
Showed Charles couldn't be trusted with the army and made him look like a blundering idiot
71
When did the Royal Family leave London for Hampden Court?
10th Jan 1642
72
How did Pym take control of the London Militia?
Encouraged apprentices to get trained in the militia - infiltrating it and taking over from within
73
When was the Long Parliament formed?
November 3rd 1640
74
Why was the Earl of Bedford's death significant?
He acted as a middle ground between Parliament and Charles, once he died, this bridge was collapsed. He was also trying to get Pym as the Chancellor of the Exchequer, but died before he could secure the deal, possibly why the deal fell through
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