Number of migrants living outside their home in 2020? % of economic migrants?
281 million, 70% of which are economic migrants
% of world’s population living outside country of origin in 2020
3.6%
EXAMPLE
Reasons for migrational flows to the UK
- employment (working age)
- family reunification
- students (unis)
- retirement overseas
EXAMPLE
Main countries of origin for people immigrating to UK
- Pakistan
- India
- Poland
EXAMPLE
Example of inter-regional migration
From Asia/Africa to Europe
EXAMPLE: INTER-REGIONAL
Which countries in Europe took the most migrants and why?
Germany and Sweden, but want to go to UK due to:
- government policy
- jobs/wealth
- language similarities
EXAMPLE : INTER-REGIONAL
Where were most migrants coming from, what were push factors?
From Syria and Afghanistan due to war (2015 crisis)
EXAMPLE : INTER-REGIONAL
Main routes into Europe?
- Through Greek Islands
- Across Mediterranean sea (hazardous route, over 200 have drowned/gone missing)
What does Lee’s model of migration argue the decision to migrate is based on?
a balance of the pull factors and push factors (whether its worth overcoming the intervening obstacles)
EXAMPLE : INTER-REGIONAL
Key push factors from Middle East and Africa
- dependent on remittances (economic)
- human rights abuses
- war (religious/political)
- media secrecy
EXAMPLE : INTER-REGIONAL
Key pull factors to European countries
- jobs
- GNP per capita (economic improvement)
- HDI (quality of life)
EXAMPLE
Example of intra-regional migration
Polish migrating to the UK within the EU
EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
The Schengen agreement
allows freedom of movement within most of the EU across internal borders
CASE STUDY : INTRA-REGIONAL
When did migration within EU spike and why?
Many Eastern countries joined the EU in 2004
% of migrant applications to UK between 2004-06 were from Poland?
62%
EXAMPLE: INTRA-REGIONAL
Why are people migrating within the EU?
- less wealthy countries joined EU so young migrants seek higher wages
- access healthcare, pensions, retire overseas
- shared laws, easy to study/work abroad
EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
Who is migrating from Poland to UK and why?
Working age men (18-35) for better paid jobs (families often join them later)
EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
What kind of work do Polish immigrants do?
Picking, packing, construction for men
Usually more enthusiastic to work than Brits
EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
Benefits to the UK?
- Filled labour shortage (jobs that cannot be filled)
- young migrants with money to spend join consumer culture
(Tesco’s stock over 100 polish items) - Polish businesses rejuvenating deprived areas
EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
Problems/pressures it has created for UK?
- Not enough funding for doctors/schools to cope with immigrants
- Press stories of migrants taking Brits jobs creates tension
- Skills shortage (doctors)
- Possible discrimination (migrants must work year before seeking benefits)
EXAMPLE: INTRA-REGIONAL
How do people in towns such as Peterborough feel about the mass immigration? How many have moved there?
Feel their town has been taken over/changed
Taken 20,000
EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
Advantages of emigration for Poland?
- migrant remittances boost economy
(£4 million a year) - Women can get jobs as most men have migrated
EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
Disadvantages of emigration for Poland?
- lack the essential workers needed to run the country
- divorce rates have doubled in 7 years (long distance)
Number of migrants living outside their home in 2020? % of economic migrants?
281 million, 70% of which are economic migrants
