major salivary glands
parotid
mandibular
sublingual
zygomatic
parotids are found and contain
serous to mixed seromucous
- hard to remove
mandibular are found — and make
- mixed seromucous
sublingual make —
mixed seromucous
zygomatic are found
parts of sublingual glands
- large part under mandibular gland: monostomatic
- smaller parts along duct: polystomatic
salivary ducts open where in mouth
- parotid and zygomatic- maxilla behind molar
- subligual and mandibular under tounge, near frenulum (some may form into one duct)
where is minor salivary gland in cats
3rd molar
how to reduce drooling
- reduce flow- ligate ducts- glands will atrophy
- divert saliva- cosmetic lip
clinical signs of sialadenitis
- usually in mandibular and zygomatic glands
- Mid aged to older dogs
- Painful swelling, exophthalmos (dependent on location)
- pain when opening mouth
- Malaise, inappetence, lymphadenopathy, fever, pain on palpation, retropulsion of eye and opening the mouth, and dysphagia
- Mucopurulent discharge from duct openings
sialadenosis can progress to
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Sialadenosis: non-inflammatory and non-neoplastic enlargement; no
obvious cytological or histological abnormalities; non-painful
Necrotizing sialometaplasia (salivary gland necrosis or infarction):
squamous metaplasia with ischemic necrosis; very painful and firm
what is sialadenosis
Sialadenosis: non-inflammatory and non-neoplastic enlargement; no
obvious cytological or histological abnormalities; non-painful
- still has normal cells but may be larger
- can progress to necrotizing sialometaplasia
what is necrotizing sialometaplasia
(salivary gland necrosis or infarction): squamous metaplasia with ischemic necrosis; very painful and firm
clinical signs of Sialadenosis and Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
- Weight loss, reluctance to exercise, snorting, lip smacking, gulping, nasal discharge, persistent swallowing, inappetence, and depression
- Retching, gagging, coughing, reverse sneezing, tachypnoe, dyspnea, abdominal respiration, regurgitation, chronic vomiting, nausea, hypersalivation
- Spirocerca lupi infestation (esophageal granulomas), megaesophagus, esophageal foreign body, esophagitis, esophageal
diverticulum, giardiasis, and autoimmune sialadenitis - common in young to mid aged small breeds (terriers)
how to treat Sialadenosis and Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Oral phenobarbital administration (1-2 mg/kg PO BID)
- pain meds, antibiotics, NSAIDs, steroids, parasite control (spirocerca lupi)
why is phenobarbital used to treat Sialadenosis and Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Neurogenic pathogenesis (increased parasympathetic activity or
changes in sympathetic innervation)
- symptoms do not improve with removal of mandibular gland, but phenobarb can help
which salivary glands are more common to get cancer
Parotid and mandibular gland carcinomas
- can met to lungs
- older dogs and cats
what is sialocele
saliva buildup in tissues
- trauma to salivary gland
