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Question 1

What are the indications for dialysis?

Answer 1

AEIOU

Acidosis pH <7.2
Electrolyte imbalance K+ >7
Intoxication
Oedema
Uraemic pathology - encephalopathy, pericarditis (these result from severe uraemia)

Question 2

With regards to haematuria when should people be referred to suspected cancer pathway?

Answer 2

> 45 yo

• unexplained visible haematuria w/o UTI
• visible haematuria that persisits or reoccurs after UTI

> 60 yo
- unexplained non-visible haematuria, in combination with raised serum WCC or dysuriaW

Question 3

What is the triad of renal cancer?

What is the most common type of malignant renal cancer?

What are the two types of benign renal cell cancer?

If it spreads to the lungs what do you get on CXR?

Answer 3

• Loin pain
• Haematuria
• Palpable mass

Clear cell

Angiomyolipoma and oncocytoma

Cannonball mets on CXR

Question 4

What must be done for a suspected AKI?

Answer 4

RENAL DRS26

Record baseline creatine
Exclude obstruction
NSAIDS and other drugs (DAMN + lithium + gentamicin)
Assess fluid status
Losses +/- cathetrisation

Dipstix
Review meds
Screen (consdier acute renal screen)
26 - creatine rise for AKI diagnosis

Question 5

Match each of the following urinalysis findings to their cause for AKI:
- Muddy brown casts
- Glucose
- Leucocytes and nitrates
- Protein and blood
- ‘allergic picture’ (raised WCC, eosinophils)

Answer 5

• Muddy brown casts = acute tubular necrosis
• Glucose = diabetes
• Leucocytes and nitrates = infection
• Protein and blood = acute nephritis
• ‘allergic picture’ (raised WCC, eosinophils) = acute interstitial nephritis

Question 6

Convert 10mg ORAL MORPHINE into the following equivalent doses:
- IM/IV/SC morphine
- codeine
- oxycodone oral
- oxycodone SC

Answer 6

IM/IV/SC morphine - 5mg - /2
Codeine - 100mg - x10
Oxycodone oral - 5mg - /2
Oxycodone sc - 2.5mg - /4

Question 7

Complications of measles